Observation of Amplification in a Strongly Driven Two-Level Atomic System at Optical Frequencies

Wu, Fuyong; Ezekiel, S.; Ducloy, M.; Mollow, B. R.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.38.1077

Cited by 488 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In 1983, Wu et al [106] found the splitting in the atomic spectrum VRS by studying the strong coupling g is the coupling coefficient of atomic and cavity EM fields. κ is the attenuation coefficient of the cavity field.…”

Section: Vrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The interaction of exciton-plasmon coupling and the conversion of exciton-plasmon-photon have been widely investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we introduce the exciton-plasmon interaction from basic principle to applications. There are two kinds of exciton-plasmon coupling, which demonstrate different optical properties. The strong exciton-plasmon coupling results in two new mixed states of light and matter separated energetically by a Rabi splitting that exhibits a characteristic anticrossing behavior of the exciton-LSP energy tuning. Compared to strong coupling, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon (SP)-enhanced absorption, enhanced fluorescence, or fluorescence quenching, there is no perturbation between wave functions; the interaction here is called the weak coupling. SP resonance (SPR) arises from the collective oscillation induced by the electromagnetic field of light and can be used for investigating the interaction between light and matter beyond the diffraction limit. The study on the interaction between SPR and exaction has drawn wide attention since its discovery not only due to its contribution in deepening and broadening the understanding of SPR but also its contribution to its application in light-emitting diodes, solar cells, low threshold laser, biomedical detection, quantum information processing, and so on.

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Section: Vrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

et al. 2017

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“…Here, two out of the four possible optical transitions are energetically degenerate. Hence, the optical spectrum consists of three peaks -the famous Mollow triplet for atoms [6,7] or excitons [8,9]. In the semiconductor band case, the light-induced gap in, e.g., the conduction band arises because the original conduction band and the one-photon sideband of the valence band lead to an avoided crossing.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For the dephasing of the off-diagonal density matrix elements we take into account that the damping is the sum of a constant contribution due to LO-phonon scattering and a term proportional to the third root of the carrier density n [16]. To account for the additional energy dependence, we use the following dephasing for the various interband polarization (p) components (n Þ m), @ @t nm ; t coll ÿ p ; t nm ; t ; (6) where is the excess energy with respect to the unrenormalized band gap and the density-and energy-dependent damping rate is given by…”

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confidence: 99%

Light-Induced Gaps in Semiconductor Band-to-Band Transitions

Haug

Mücke

et al. 2004

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We observe a triplet around the third harmonic of the semiconductor band gap when exciting 50 -100 nm thin GaAs films with 5 fs pulses at 3 10 12 W=cm 2 . The comparison with solutions of the semiconductor Bloch equations allows us to interpret the observed peak structure as being due to a twoband Mollow triplet. This triplet in the optical spectrum is a result of light-induced gaps in the band structure, which arise from coherent band mixing. The theory is formulated for full tight-binding bands and uses no rotating-wave approximation. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.217403 PACS numbers: 78.20.Bh, 42.50.Md, 42.65.Re, 78.47.+p When an intense light field at frequency ! 0 excites band-to-band transitions in a semiconductor, additional energy gaps can evolve within the original bands [ Fig. 1(b)]. These so-called light-induced gaps [1][2][3][4][5] are the analog of the induced doublets, split by the Rabi frequency R , in a resonantly excited two-level system [ Fig. 1(a)]. Here, two out of the four possible optical transitions are energetically degenerate. Hence, the optical spectrum consists of three peaks -the famous Mollow triplet for atoms [6,7] or excitons [8,9]. In the semiconductor band case, the light-induced gap in, e.g., the conduction band arises because the original conduction band and the one-photon sideband of the valence band lead to an avoided crossing. The corresponding Hopfield coefficients [1] determine the amount of conduction band admixture. It is crucial to note that this admixture can be finite even far away from the fictitious crossing point. This statement becomes particularly important for Rabi energies h R approaching the photon energy h! 0 , while it can be neglected for small Rabi energies. The latter case is tacitly assumed in previous graphical representations of calculated light-induced gaps. Importantly, as a result of this finite admixture, optical transitions between the induced bands are possible throughout an appreciable fraction of momentum space. Consequently, the transitions acquire considerable spectral weight. Again, two out of the four sets of possible optical transitions are energetically degenerate and a triplet results, which we will refer to as the two-band Mollow triplet in what follows.Light-induced gaps in semiconductor bands have not unambiguously been observed yet. In order to observe the splitting, it clearly has to be larger than the damping. As typical electron dephasing times under relevant conditions are on the order of 10 fs or less, the Rabi oscillation period has to be shorter than this value. This brings one close to Rabi frequencies approaching the frequency of light -a regime which has previously been referred to as carrier-wave Rabi flopping [10]. In this regime, a splitting in the third-harmonic spectra has been observed [11]. However, as the measurements have been compared only with calculations on the basis of two-level systems [11], skepticism has been expressed whether this interpretation was correct indeed. Furthermore, later theoretical work [12...

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“…This amplification of the signal current may be understood to happen primarily at the expense of the strong driving (control) current, which experiences an increased attenuation rate. A similar amplification of the probe-field profile in a strongly driven two-level atomic system at optical frequencies was predicted in [58] and experimentally observed and verified in [59].…”

Section: Experimental Parameters and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The difference in the peak widths lies in the fact that usually T 2 /T 1 = 2 in an atomic system (see equations (28) and (29) if the pure dephasing rate γ 2 = 0), whereas a typical value of T 2 /T 1 = 0.2 is chosen for the CPB qubit system. If we apply a weak probe field (signal current) and calculate the signal-current absorption power profile, we find that the signal-current absorption power profile takes on negative values (see figure 5), representing stimulated emission rather than absorption [58,59]. This amplification of the signal current may be understood to happen primarily at the expense of the strong driving (control) current, which experiences an increased attenuation rate.…”

Section: Experimental Parameters and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanical-resonator-assisted induced transparency in a Cooper-pair box system

et al. 2008

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We propose a scheme to demonstrate the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a system of a superconducting Cooper-pair box coupled to a nanomechanical resonator. In this scheme, the nanomechanical resonator plays an important role to contribute additional auxiliary energy levels to the Cooper-pair box so that the EIT phenomenon could be realized in such a system. We call it here resonator-assisted induced transparency (RAIT). This RAIT technique provides a detection scheme in a real experiment to measure physical properties, such as the vibration frequency and the decay rate, of the coupled nanomechanical resonator.

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Observation of Amplification in a Strongly Driven Two-Level Atomic System at Optical Frequencies

Cited by 488 publications

References 11 publications

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

Light-Induced Gaps in Semiconductor Band-to-Band Transitions

Nanomechanical-resonator-assisted induced transparency in a Cooper-pair box system

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