1990
DOI: 10.1097/00004728-199005000-00021
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Observation by MR Imaging of In Vivo Temperature Changes Induced by Radio Frequency Hyperthermia

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Cited by 80 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…In most cases, however, it is difficult to measure accurately the inner body temperature using only these parameters, because it is difficult to measure their values separately, and the temperature dependence of each parameter varies from organ to organ and tissue to tissue (15,19,20).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In most cases, however, it is difficult to measure accurately the inner body temperature using only these parameters, because it is difficult to measure their values separately, and the temperature dependence of each parameter varies from organ to organ and tissue to tissue (15,19,20).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This choice is in full agreement with the technical and clinical considerations outlined in a recent review (17). The PRF method is an alternative to T1-dependent temperature changes (18)(19)(20). This latter method was also studied (21) but discarded for real-time applications as its temporal resolution is limited to several seconds by the need to acquire and reconstruct a full inversion-recovery or saturation-recovery MRI experiment.…”
Section: Original Articlementioning
confidence: 99%
“…For hydrogen nuclei ( 1 H) or proton MR, they include proton density or thermal equilibrium magnetization, M 0 ; [8,9] spin-lattice or longitudinal relaxation time, T 1 ; [10][11][12][13] spin-spin or transverse relaxation time, T 2 ; [11,14,15] the diffusion coefficient, D; [16,17] and resonance frequency or chemical shift [18,19] where T is absolute temperature, N is the number of protons, γ is the magnetogyric ratio, B 0 is the magnetic flux density of a static magnetic field, h is the Plank constant divided by 2π, and k is the Boltzmann constant. In MR imaging, direct measurement of the exact thermal equilibrium is not possible.…”
Section: Temperature Dependent Mr Parametersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The temperature dependence of T 1 varies remarkably among these objects. They [16] compared the temperature dependence of T 1 and the diffusion coefficient D for the agar gel phantom doped with copper sulfate and human calf in vivo. Our experiments [26] on T 1 showed that the temperature dependence of T 1 varies according to the kinds of organ tissues.…”
Section: Spin-lattice Relaxation Time Tmentioning
confidence: 99%