Oblique Wave Attack on Rubble Mound Breakwater Crest Walls of Finite Length

Mares-Nasarre, Patricia; Gent, Marcel R.A. van

doi:10.3390/w12020353

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…When the wave obliquely enters the elongated structure, the maximum wave force decreases [10,11]. Lately, research results have reported that an increase in wave pressure caused by the diffracted wave can be one of the reasons for destruction of the conventional caisson breakwater [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Vertical Breakwater Stability under Extreme Waves

Hsu

et al. 2020

JMSE

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The purpose of this study is to perform a numerical simulation of caisson breakwater stability concerning the effect of wave overtopping under extreme waves. A numerical model, which solves two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the k−ε turbulence closure and uses the volume of fluid method for surface capturing, is validated with the laboratory observations. The numerical model is shown to accurately predict the measured free-surface profiles and the wave pressures around a caisson breakwater. Considering the dynamic loading on caisson breakwaters during overtopping waves, not only landward force and lift force but also the seaward force are calculated. Model results suggest that the forces induced by the wave overtopping on the back side of vertical breakwater and the phase lag of surface elevations have to be considered for calculating the breakwater stability. The numerical results also show that the failure of sliding is more dangerous than the failure of overturning in the vertical breakwater. Under extreme waves with more than 100 year return period, the caisson breakwater is sliding unstable, whereas it is safe in overturning stability. The influence of wave overtopping on the stability analysis is dominated by the force on the rear side of the caisson and the phase difference on the two ends of caisson. For the case of extreme conditions, if the impulse force happens at the moment of the minimum of load in the rear side, the safety factor might decrease significantly and the failure of sliding might cause breakwater damage. This paper demonstrates the potential stability failure of coastal structures under extreme sea states and provides adapted formulations of safety factors in dynamic form to involve the influence of overtopping waves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Vertical Breakwater Stability under Extreme Waves

Hsu

et al. 2020

JMSE

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“…Among the various methods used to produce breakwaters, the elongation of the harbor structure has recently received considerable attention. As shown in Figure 1, the maximum wave force acting on the breakwater can be reduced through consideration of the phase difference of the hydrodynamic pressures by elongating the harbor structure when an oblique incident wave approaches the breakwater, thereby improving the stability of the breakwater [6][7][8][9][10]. Takahashi and Shimosako [8] and Burcharth and Liu [9] analytically showed that the maximum wave force decreases when the wave obliquely enters the elongated structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Force Characteristics and Stability of Detached Breakwaters Consisting of Open Cell Caissons Interlocked via Crushed Stones

Lee

Jung

Park

et al. 2020

Water

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The maximum external force acting on a long continuous harbor structure can be reduced by controlling the phase difference of forces acting longitudinally. This strategy can be used to increase the structural stability of breakwaters consisting of caissons. Breakwaters have been developed using interlocking caissons to effectively respond to the constant increase in wave height due to climate change. In this study, we investigated the wave force characteristics and stability of a detached breakwater consisting of open cell caissons interlocked via crushed stones. We performed wave basin experiments and compared the results with analytical solutions of linear diffraction waves. The results revealed that the maximum wave force acting on the front of the breakwater decreased as the incident angle increased, reducing by as much as 79% for an incident angle of 30°. Although the variability of the maximum wave force for each caisson is large owing to the influence of the diffracted waves, the maximum wave force acting on the entire detached breakwater was not significantly affected by this variability. The analytical solutions based on linear wave theory agreed with the experimental results, indicating that the findings can be applied to actual designs. The structural stability of the breakwater was enhanced, even for low incident wave angles, compared to that of a single integral structure, as the frictional resistance produced by the sliding structure increased due to the shear resistance between the filled crushed stones and the rubble mound.

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“…To ensure the safety of the harbor from such environmental changes, it is necessary to maintain the stability of the main breakwater installed at the harbor mouth to prevent waves propagating from the open sea to the harbor. Various studies have been conducted to respond effectively to wave overtopping by increasing the design wave height [7][8][9][10] and utilizing the wave energy corresponding to wave overtopping [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Hydraulic Performance of a Rear-Parapet Vertical Breakwater under Regular Waves through Hydraulic Experiments

Lee

Park

2020

Water

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Climate change has resulted in increased intensity and frequency of typhoons and storm surges. Accordingly, attention has been paid to securing the breakwater’s stability to protect the safety of the port. Herein, hydraulic model experiments were conducted to evaluate the hydraulic performance of a vertical breakwater having a rear parapet. For comparison, cases in which the parapet was placed on the seaside, the harborside, and at the center of the breakwater were considered. Regular waves were used for convenient performance analysis. Five wave gauges and nine pressure transducers were installed to secure physical data for hydraulic performance evaluation. Results showed that a rear parapet can reduce the maximum wave force acting on the breakwater. Even though impulsive pressure was generated, it did not affect the stability of the breakwater owing to the phase difference between the maximum wave pressures acting on the caisson and parapet. By decreasing the maximum wave force, the required self-weight that satisfies the safety factor of 1.2 was reduced by up to 82.7%; the maximum bearing pressure was reduced by up to 47.6% compared with that of the parapet located on the seaside. Thus, the rear parapet was found to be more suitable for actual applications.

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Oblique Wave Attack on Rubble Mound Breakwater Crest Walls of Finite Length

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Numerical Analysis of Vertical Breakwater Stability under Extreme Waves

Numerical Analysis of Vertical Breakwater Stability under Extreme Waves

Wave Force Characteristics and Stability of Detached Breakwaters Consisting of Open Cell Caissons Interlocked via Crushed Stones

Evaluation of the Hydraulic Performance of a Rear-Parapet Vertical Breakwater under Regular Waves through Hydraulic Experiments

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