Oblique Dark Solitons in Supersonic Flow of a Bose-Einstein Condensate

El, Gennady; Gammal, A.; Камчатнов, А. М.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.180405

Cited by 108 publications

(184 citation statements)

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“…This feature can be considered as universal fingerprints since has been observed in all the physical systems where solitons have been studied [40]. To the best of our knowledge the formation of "oblique" dark solitons, although predicted for both the atomic [41] and polariton condensates [22], has been experimentally reported only for polariton condensates [15][16][17][18]. On the other hand, in atomic BECs, only single "straight" dark solitons have been experimentally observed [11].…”

Section: S4 Evaluation Of the Dark Soliton Conditions For Measuremenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Wave Dynamics Explains Observations Attributed to Dark Solitons in a Polariton Quantum Fluid

et al. 2014

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We investigate the propagation and scattering of polaritons in a planar GaAs microcavity in the linear regime under resonant excitation. The propagation of the coherent polariton wave across an extended defect creates phase and intensity patterns with identical qualitative features previously attributed to dark and half-dark solitons of polaritons. We demonstrate that these features are observed for negligible nonlinearity (i.e., polariton-polariton interaction) and are, therefore, not sufficient to identify dark and half-dark solitons. A linear model based on the Maxwell equations is shown to reproduce the experimental observations. PACS numbers:Solitons are solitary waves that preserve their shape while propagating through a dispersive medium [1,2] due to the compensation of the dispersion-induced broadening by the nonlinearity of the medium [3]. Over the years, spatial solitons have been observed by employing a variety of nonlinearities ranging from Kerr nonlinear media [4] to photorefractive [5] and quadratic [6] materials. Apart from their potential application in optical communications [7,8], solitons are important features of interacting Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and superfluids. The nonlinear properties of BECs can give rise to the formation of quantized interacting vortices and solitons, the latter resulting from the cancellation of the dispersion by interactions, for example, in atomic condensates. A special class of solitons is the so-called dark soliton, which feature a density node accompanied by a π phase jump. Since the first theoretical prediction in the context of BECs [9], dark solitons were studied and observed first in the field of nonlinear optics [10] and, then, in cold-atom BECs [11]. The experimental observation of BECs [12] and superfluidity [13,14] of exciton-polaritons, has sparked interest in the quantum-hydrodynamic properties of polariton fluids. In particular, the nucleation of solitary waves in the wake of an obstacle (i.e.

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Section: S4 Evaluation Of the Dark Soliton Conditions For Measuremenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Wave Dynamics Explains Observations Attributed to Dark Solitons in a Polariton Quantum Fluid

et al. 2014

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“…Even though we have considered a ring dark soliton, it is important to note that our modelling is general in nature. The location(s) of the symmetry breaking are seen to be the origins of the snake instability in many other configurations as well [9,31,32].…”

Section: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snake instability of ring dark solitons in toroidally trapped Bose-Einstein condensates

Toikka

Suominen

2013

Phys. Rev. A

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We show that the onset of the snake instability of ring dark solitons requires a broken symmetry. We also elucidate explicitly the connection between imaginary Bogoliubov modes and the snake instability, predicting the number of vortex-anti-vortex pairs produced. In addition, we propose a simple model to give a physical motivation as to why the snake instability takes place. Finally, we show that tight confinement in a toroidal potential actually enhances soliton decay due to inhibition of soliton motion.Keywords: snake instability, ring dark soliton, cylindrical symmetry, toroidal trap, ring trapThe nonlinearity of the equations of motion governing the behaviour of optical systems and ultracold atomic gases allows for interesting solutions such as bright and dark solitons [1][2][3][4], which remarkably propagate without dispersion [5] and scatter elastically. In nonlinear optics, this means that soliton light pulses sent through optical fibers propagate without changing shape, whereas in Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluid Fermi gases [6], matter wave solitons correspond to shape-maintaining dips or humps in the atomic density.In both settings dark solitons have been observed experimentally [7,8], but strictly speaking the stability holds only in one-dimensional systems. In higher dimensions, in general, they collapse into vortex-anti-vortex pairs in 2D (or vortex rings in 3D) through the snake instability [9,10], even though dark solitons retain many of their solitonic properties in nearly-integrable systems, for example, in the presence of an external trap [11]. The stability and dynamics of dark solitons has been discussed theoretically [12][13][14][15], in particular, complex frequencies in the Bogoliubov-de-Gennes (BdG) excitation spectrum have been demonstrated to drive the instability [16].Cylindrically symmetric systems, bringing forward the concepts of ring bright [17] and dark [18][19][20] solitons (RDS), offer an example of a two-dimensional system, where the dynamics can be reduced to a one-dimensional equation, and thereby making the question of stability relevant. It has been observed that filling the notch of a RDS stabilises against the snake instability [21], a result we explain in this Letter. Specifically, ring traps [22][23][24][25] might stabilise the ring dark soliton, but we show that their effect is in fact the opposite.In this Letter we consider the stability of the RDS in cylindrically symmetric confinement, showing that it is stable as long as the symmetry in the θ-direction is maintained. We show that the type of the simulation grid plays an important role related to the induced breaking of this symmetry. We propose a physical model explaining why the snake instability takes place, and further elucidate the connection between the complex BdG spectrum and the snake instability. Based on this model, we show how the number of vortex-anti-vortex pairs is directly related to the BdG spectrum.To investigate the properties of the two-dimensional condensate, we assume it is described by...

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“…Again the third laser dominates for the initial and final times: Ω 3 /Ω = 1. The second stage takes place immediately after completing the first stage, so the multicomponent wave function of the first stage (14) serves as an initial condition for the second stage.…”

Section: The Second Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dynamics of solitons in BECs has been extensively studied. This has included investigations of the stability properties [10], as well as soliton dynamics in inhomogeneous clouds [11], in multicomponent BECs [12,13], and in supersonic flow [14]. Solitons can be created in various ways with a variable degree of controllability, e. g., by colliding clouds of BEC [15][16][17] or engineering the density [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates by dark-state adiabatic passage

Juzelifl¹,

Ruseckas²,

Fleischhauer³

2007

Lithuanian J. Phys.

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We propose a new method of creating solitons in elongated Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) by sweeping three laser beams through the BEC. If one of the beams is in the first order (TEM10) Hermite-Gaussian mode, its amplitude has a transversal π phase slip which can be transferred to the atoms creating a soliton. Using this method it is possible to circumvent the restriction set by the diffraction limit inherent to conventional methods such as phase imprinting. The method allows one to create multicomponent (vector) solitons of the dark-bright form as well as the dark-dark combination. In addition it is possible to create in a controllable way two or more dark solitons with very small velocity and close to each other for studying their collisional properties.

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Oblique Dark Solitons in Supersonic Flow of a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Cited by 108 publications

References 10 publications

Linear Wave Dynamics Explains Observations Attributed to Dark Solitons in a Polariton Quantum Fluid

Linear Wave Dynamics Explains Observations Attributed to Dark Solitons in a Polariton Quantum Fluid

Snake instability of ring dark solitons in toroidally trapped Bose-Einstein condensates

Formation of solitons in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates by dark-state adiabatic passage

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