Abstract:RESUMO -Os valores econômicos para características de gado de leite foram calculados a partir de dados econômicos e zootécnicos do Sistema de Produção de Leite a Pasto com Gado Mestiço da Embrapa Gado de Leite. Estes valores foram estimados por dois métodos: 1) utilizando a derivada parcial do lucro com respeito a cada característica e 2) pela derivada parcial da razão receita/custo, para cada característica, ambas as derivadas avaliadas no valor médio das outras características. Com este último método, os val… Show more
“…It is noteworthy that the selection for weight may not be favorable due to the fact that, in some cases, the sale of cull cow may not cover this category of animals (Martins et al, 2003).…”
-Data from 26,558 Holstein cows in 802 herds were used to estimate genetic, residual and phenotypic parameters for 22 type traits. The model included the fixed effects of herd-year, period of classification, classifier, stage of lactation and age of cows at calving (covariate) and random genetic and residual effects. Heritability for type traits ranged from 0.10 to 0.39. The genetic variability in these traits suggested the possibility for moderate genetic gains through selection. The phenotypic correlations were moderated, mainly in the section conformation. Genetic correlations between type traits ranged from -0.44 to 0.85. High genetic correlations indicated that breeding programs could be successful without including all type traits. The selection for the final score at the expense of other traits must be performed with restraint, because in the long term, this may promote undesirable changes in some type traits.
“…It is noteworthy that the selection for weight may not be favorable due to the fact that, in some cases, the sale of cull cow may not cover this category of animals (Martins et al, 2003).…”
-Data from 26,558 Holstein cows in 802 herds were used to estimate genetic, residual and phenotypic parameters for 22 type traits. The model included the fixed effects of herd-year, period of classification, classifier, stage of lactation and age of cows at calving (covariate) and random genetic and residual effects. Heritability for type traits ranged from 0.10 to 0.39. The genetic variability in these traits suggested the possibility for moderate genetic gains through selection. The phenotypic correlations were moderated, mainly in the section conformation. Genetic correlations between type traits ranged from -0.44 to 0.85. High genetic correlations indicated that breeding programs could be successful without including all type traits. The selection for the final score at the expense of other traits must be performed with restraint, because in the long term, this may promote undesirable changes in some type traits.
“…Orientação similar tem sido apontada, indicando que a diminuição do tamanho seria um fator importante para os sistemas de produção de leite do Brasil (MARTINS et al, 2003).…”
8,053; 8,810 and 9,218 liters for small, medium and large cows, respectively. Based on the totality of lactations evaluated, cows of medium size were more efficient than the others for the intensive production system in question.
“…Martins et al (2003) showed that about 44% of feed costs were due to cow maintenance. The energy spent in increased maintenance is not compensated by the increase in meat sold (Cardoso et al, 2004).…”
-This study examined the effects of crossbreeding low genetic potential cows of Bos indicus origin characterized by Gyr crossed with Holstein-Friesian and Simmental bulls to produce animals in a low input dual purpose system. The farm is situated near Brasilia, in the savannah region of Brazil. The climate of the region is classified as Aw by Köppen.Data was available on 1580 calvings and completed lactations of cows with three genetic types: Gyr, Holstein-Friesian × Gyr and Simmental × Gyr. The bulls ran with the cows all year round and the diet comprised of pasture (mainly Brachiaria and Andropogon) during the summer (rainy season) and milled sugar cane with added urea during the winter (dry season). A mineral salt mixture was available ad libitum. Data was analysed using Statistical Analysis System. The results show that, under low input management conditions, the crossbred cows produce approximately twice the volume of milk per lactation, calve at a younger age and have a shorter open period, but there are no significant differences between crosses for growth rates of the calves or body condition of the cows. In this system, crossbred cows had production higher indices than zebu cattle. The best indices were found for cows calving in the rainy season (September to December) and thinner cows (with body condition 3-5 on a scale of 9).
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