Objective aerobic fitness level and neuropsychological functioning in healthy adolescents and emerging adults: Unique sex effects

Wade, Natasha E.; Kaiver, Christine M.; Wallace, A.; Hatcher, Kelah; Swartz, Ann M.; Medina, Krista Lisdahl

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101794

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The results of a longitudinal study confirmed that a high intensity of motor activity in old age slows down the rate of cognitive abilities deterioration. Similar conclusions were drawn in another study (Wade et al, 2020). It has been confirmed that aerobic fitness classes are positively associated with the improvement of cognitive functions in physically healthy adolescents and youth without metabolic disorders.…”

Section: Introduction Problem Statement and Research Relevancesupporting

confidence: 86%

Assessment of educators’ physical activity in conditions of social isolation

et al. 2023

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Purpose: To assess the educators’ physical activity in the conditions of social isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic with the use of data on daily energy costs in the dynamics of 16 years. Material &methods. To solve the problems, the data of 925 teachers of preschool and general secondary education institutions were analyzed (436 people – in 2005, 404 people – in 2018, 85 people – in 2021). Age composition of the participants of the scientific observation: I age group (I AG) up to 31 years old – 165 people (17.84 %), II age group (II AG) 31-40 years old – 271 people (29.30 %), III age group (III AG) 41-50 years old – 253 people (27.35 %), IV age group (IV AG) older than 50 years – 236 people (25.51 %). Among the teachers, 690 people (74.59 %) were residents of the regional center, 207 (22.38 %) were residents of district centers, and 28 (3.03 %) were residents of rural areas. The following methods were used during the study: questionnaire; natural experiment; statistical processing of the received data. Results. The study revealed a tendency towards a decrease in the average values of teachers’ energy expenditure of daily physical activity from 2005 (2818.78±38.32 kcal) to 2021 (2804.03±20.77 (F2005-2021 =14.049; p=0.000)) and a natural decrease in the average value of the indicator of energy expenditure of daily physical activity during the distance learning (2412.34±21.08 kcal) by 13.96 % compared with the similar indicator during the traditional form of learning in 2021 (2804.03±20.77 kcal), (t offline - online =34.913; p=0.000). Conclusions. In the dynamics of the studied period, there is a decrease in the average values of teachers’ energy expenditure of daily physical activity from 2005 (2818.78±38.32 kcal) to 2021 (2804.03±20.77 (F2005-2021 =14.049; p=0.000)). The average value of the indicator of daily energy expenditure for physical activity during the distance learning (2412.34±21.08 kcal) is 13.96 % lower, compared with the similar indicator of teachers’ work using the traditional form of learning in 2021 (2804.03±20.77 kcal), (t offline - online =34,913; p=0,000).

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Section: Introduction Problem Statement and Research Relevancesupporting

confidence: 86%

Assessment of educators’ physical activity in conditions of social isolation

et al. 2023

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“…The analyses showed that the relationship between PF and cognition was modulated by age in respect to general intelligence and some of the specific cognitive functions such as sustained attention, psychomotor speed, logical reasoning, or interference processing but not in other domains Overall, no final conclusion can be drawn about the association between PF and specific cognitive functions in the YM group as the relationship was hardly observed in this age group compared to their older counterparts (Middleton et al, 2010;Voelcker-Rehage and Niemann, 2013;Cox et al, 2016, for reviews). Physical activity at a young age, particularly as a teenager, has been shown to positively impact cognitive performance in later life (Middleton et al, 2010), but the positive relationship between PF and cognition is stronger in middle-aged to old adults than in young to middle-aged adults (Hayes et al, 2014;Barnes, 2015;Wade et al, 2020;Rieker et al, 2023). Moreover, available studies reporting brain function, connectivity, and structure related to different types of physical activity in the young to middle-aged groups are underrepresented compared with studies with older adults (see Figure 1 in Voelcker-Rehage and Niemann, 2013;Erickson et al, 2019;Stillman et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, studies show that the benefits of physical activity on cognition tend to increase with age (Stones and Kozma, 1988;Newson and Kemps, 2006). This may be a reason for the few and often inconsistent results in young and middle-aged adults (Voelcker-Rehage and Niemann, 2013;Cox et al, 2016;Diamond and Ling, 2016;Erickson et al, 2019;Wade et al, 2020;Kachouri et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does physical fitness affect cognitive functions differently across adulthood? An advantage of being older

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThere is a large interindividual variability in cognitive functioning with increasing age due to biological and lifestyle factors. One of the most important lifestyle factors is the level of physical fitness (PF). The link between PF and brain activity is widely accepted but the specificity of cognitive functions affected by physical fitness across the adult lifespan is less understood. The present study aims to clarify whether PF is basically related to cognition and general intelligence in healthy adults, and whether higher levels of PF are associated with better performance in the same or different cognitive functions at different ages.MethodsA sample of 490 participants (20–70 years) was analyzed to examine this relationship. Later, the sample was split half into the young to middle-aged group (YM; 20–45 years; n = 254), and the middleaged to older group (MO; 46–70 years; n = 236). PF was measured by a quotient of maximum power in a bicycle ergometry test PWC-130 divided by body weight (W/kg), which was supported by a self-reported level of PF. Cognitive performance was evaluated by standardized neuropsychological test batteries.ResultsRegression models showed a relationship between PF and general intelligence (g-factor) and its subcomponents extracted using structural equation modeling (SEM) in the entire sample. This association was moderated by age, which also moderated some specific cognitive domains such as attention, logical reasoning, and interference processing. After splitting the sample into two age groups, a significant relationship was found between cognitive status, as assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and PF in both age groups. However, apart from cognitive failures in daily life (CFQ), no other association between PF and specific cognitive functions was found in the YM group. In contrast, several positive associations were observed in the MO group, such as with selective attention, verbal memory, working memory, logical reasoning, and interference processing.DiscussionThese findings show that middle-aged to older adults benefit more from PF than younger to middle-aged adults. The results are discussed in terms of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the cognitive effects of PF across the lifespan.Clinical trial registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05155397, identifier NCT05155397.

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“…In the few identified studies, cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with performance on several cognitive tasks in young adult women ( Scott et al, 2016 ) and lower interference in the Stroop test in young adult men ( Ludyga et al, 2019 ). A sex-linked positive association in males only was found between the higher cardiorespiratory fitness and the performance in sustained attention tasks ( Wade et al, 2020 ). A recent study on German adults found that all 3 subscales of the Three-Factor Impulsivity scale were negatively correlated with the duration of weekly physical exercise ( Javelle et al, 2021b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

Matrov

Kurrikoff

Villa

et al. 2022

International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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Background Impulsivity is a psychiatric vulnerability factor strongly associated with substance abuse but also with unhealthy diet. Whether these associations extend to specific nutrients is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal association between diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, and two impulsivity dimensions in a representative sample of south Estonian adolescents and young adults. Impulsivity and dietary intake were measured three times in two birth cohorts at regular intervals in subjects of ages 15 to 33 years. Methods The sample included two birth cohorts of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS). The analytic sample size consisted of 2883 observations (56.4% females). The primary outcomes were adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity scores measured by an original 24 item Likert-type questionnaire. Impulsivity scores were predicted from the food diaries data converted into nutrient categories. Linear mixed-effects approach was used to model the time-dependence between observations. Results Lower maladaptive impulsivity was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (β = -0.07; 95% CI: -0.12; -0.03). Higher maladaptive impulsivity was associated with lower dietary intake of zinc (β = -0.10; -0.15; -0.06) and vegetables (β = -0.04; -0.07; -0.01) and higher intake of sodium (β = 0.06; 0.02; 0.10). Vitamin B6 was positively associated with adaptive impulsivity (β = 0.04; 0.01; 0.07). Additionally, some of the adjusted models showed significant, but weak associations with selenium, alcohol, fish, and cereal products. Conclusions Food choice may affect the neurochemistry and therefore regulate the manifestations of impulsivity. We identified associations between several (micro)nutrients and maladaptive impulsivity.

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Objective aerobic fitness level and neuropsychological functioning in healthy adolescents and emerging adults: Unique sex effects

Cited by 6 publications

References 105 publications

Assessment of educators’ physical activity in conditions of social isolation

Assessment of educators’ physical activity in conditions of social isolation

Does physical fitness affect cognitive functions differently across adulthood? An advantage of being older

Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study

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