Object-spatial Approach to Studying Fine Art: Development of Three-dimensional and Spatial Perception among Students

Abstract

The article reveals an object-spatial approach to the process of fine arts studying by children of different ages. The authors justify the pedagogical directions of children's education, which have been developed and scientifically substantiated in the works of the outstanding psychologist, educator and art historian A.V. Bakushinsky (1883Bakushinsky ( -1939. The authors distinguish the basic directions of the mastery of object-spatial types of activities by students of different ages. It is shown how the ideas of child's art education, generated in the beginning of the 20th century, are refracted in modern children's education.Keywords: art education, pedagogics of art, space and environment, spatial perception, interaction of arts, integrated training, child's worldview IntroductionThe theory of the subject-spatial mastery of fine arts is considered by the condition for the holistic art education of students, if it is based on a category of an artistic image. Such integrated education is based on the provision of rethinking of a fundamental problem of modern training of schoolchildren for real life from the standpoint of artistic pedagogy. The study is aimed at the revival and development of the best ideas that enriched artistic pedagogy of the past, making up its methodological essence. The theoretical platform of domestic artistic pedagogy is oriented to an "activity approach", an active role of the child's actual independent practical artistic activity, which requires an adequate organization of pedagogic guidance and the object-spatial environment, within which children develop. A.V. Bakushinsky, researcher of children's artistic creativityThe topicality of the problem is connected with the propensity of modern children to perceive reality through a flat screen (outside the real space), which may complicate their threedimensional perception of reality and its mastering. The study of the problem in the domestic psycho-pedagogical science dates back to the first decades of the 20th century. The most A.V. Bakushinsky studied the artistic creativity of children "on the basis of spatial arts" in order to understand the history of the development of art. He studied the history of spatial arts of the East and West in order to understand the evolution of the world perception of a growing up person. Trying to guess what the art of the near future would be, he wrote: "The new worldview must be synthetic, preserving the personality and the whole sphere of its artistic expression as a precious heritage of the culture of the West and restoring its strong organic connection with the general, suprapersonal as the ultimate source of all norms, and, certainly, the artistic ones ... " (Bakushinsky, 1981; pp. 47).The three-dimensional and spatial perception is reflected in the children's graphic activity in the specificity of the depiction of space and objects that fill it: their size, shape, location and organization of the composition of the sheet.As a result of studying the aesthetic and artistic development of ch...

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