Object-based eye movements: The eyes prefer to stay within the same object

Theeuwes, Jan; Mathôt, Sebastiaan; Kingstone, Alan

doi:10.3758/app.72.3.597

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This conclusion is evidenced by facilitated responses (RTs and saccade latencies) to targets appearing on the same object as the cue and corresponds with accumulating evidence demonstrating that object representations constrain both covert (Egly et al, 1994;Hollingworth et al, 2012;Kanwisher & Driver, 1992;Shomstein, 2012;Shomstein & Yantis, 2002) and overt attentional guidance (McCarley et al, 2002;Theeuwes et al, 2010). Our results are consistent with literature showing a bias, in simple geometric displays, to select the item within the same object as the current fixation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Object-based attention in real-world scenes.

Malcolm¹,

Shomstein²

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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We are continually confronted with more visual information than we can process in a given moment. In order to interact effectively with our environment, attentional mechanisms are used to select subsets of environmental properties for enhanced processing. Previous research demonstrated that spatial regions can be selected based on either their low-level feature or high-level semantic properties. However, the efficiency with which we interact with the world suggests that there must be an additional, midlevel, factor constraining effective attentional space. The present study investigates whether object-based attentional selection is one such midlevel factor that constrains visual attention in complex, real-world scenes. Participants viewed scene images while their eye movements were recorded. During viewing, a cue appeared on an object which participants were instructed to fixate. A target then appeared either on the same object as the cue, on a different object, or floating. Participants initiated saccades faster and had shorter response times to targets presented on the same object as the fixated cue. The results strongly suggest that when attending to a location on an object, the entire object benefits perceptually. This object-based effect on the distribution of spatial attention forms a critical link between low- and high-level factors that direct attention efficiently in complex real-world scenes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Object-based attention in real-world scenes.

Malcolm¹,

Shomstein²

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…It is difficult to track one end of a tumbling symmetrical object, attention spreads over surfaces slanted or curved in depth (He & Nakayama, 1995; Moore & Fulton, 2005; Moore et al, 1998; Scholl et al, 2001), and one of two co-localized objects can be distinguished and tracked solely through different features (Blaser et al, 2000). Neural correlates of object-based attention have also been found in fMRI and EEG/MEG work by a number of labs (Egeth & Yantis, 1997; Martinez et al, 2006; O'Craven et al, 1999; Serences et al, 2004; Theeuwes et al, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Corollary discharges of these surface contour signals are predicted to be mediated via cortical area V3A (Caplovitz & Tse, 2007; Nakamura & Colby, 2000) and to generate saccadic commands that are restricted to the attended surface (Theeuwes, Mathot, & Kingstone, 2010) until the shroud collapses and spatial attention shifts to enshroud another object.…”

Section: Spatial Attention In the Regulation Of Invariant Object Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural dynamics of object-based multifocal visual spatial attention and priming: Object cueing, useful-field-of-view, and crowding

Foley

Grossberg

Mingolla

2012

Cognitive Psychology

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How are spatial and object attention coordinated to achieve rapid object learning and recognition during eye movement search? How do prefrontal priming and parietal spatial mechanisms interact to determine the reaction time costs of intra-object attention shifts, inter-object attention shifts, and shifts between visible objects and covertly cued locations? What factors underlie individual differences in the timing and frequency of such attentional shifts? How do transient and sustained spatial attentional mechanisms work and interact? How can volition, mediated via the basal ganglia, influence the span of spatial attention? A neural model is developed of how spatial attention in the where cortical stream coordinates view-invariant object category learning in the what cortical stream under free viewing conditions. The model simulates psychological data about the dynamics of covert attention priming and switching requiring multifocal attention without eye movements. The model predicts how “attentional shrouds” are formed when surface representations in cortical area V4 resonate with spatial attention in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), while shrouds compete among themselves for dominance. Winning shrouds support invariant object category learning, and active surface-shroud resonances support conscious surface perception and recognition. Attentive competition between multiple objects and cues simulates reaction-time data from the two-object cueing paradigm. The relative strength of sustained surface-driven and fast-transient motion-driven spatial attention controls individual differences in reaction time for invalid cues. Competition between surface-driven attentional shrouds controls individual differences in detection rate of peripheral targets in useful-field-of-view tasks. The model proposes how the strength of competition can be mediated, though learning or momentary changes in volition, by the basal ganglia. A new explanation of crowding shows how the cortical magnification factor, among other variables, can cause multiple object surfaces to share a single surface-shroud resonance, thereby preventing recognition of the individual objects.

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“…It was found that observers were more likely to make within-object, relative to between-object, eye movements when saccades were required for target identification (e.g., McCarley, Kramer, & Peterson, 2002;Theeuwes & Mathot, 2010), that the dwell time preceding the saccades was shorter when the switch of attention was within rather than between objects (e.g., McCarley et al, 2002), and that in memory recall tasks, participants' eyes were more likely to fixate on a location when that location was linked, rather than not linked, to an animated creature that presented the relevant information (e.g., Hoover & Richardson, 2008).…”

Section: Other Manifestations Of Object Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Object-based attention: A tutorial review

Chen

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

196

162

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This tutorial provides a selective review of research on object-based deployment of attention. It focuses primarily on behavioral studies with human observers. The tutorial is divided into five sections. It starts with an introduction to object-based attention and a description of the three commonly used experimental paradigms in objectbased attention research. These are followed by a review of a variety of manifestations of object effects and the factors that influence object segmentation. The final two sections are devoted to two key issues in object-based research: the mechanisms that give rise to the object effects and the role of space in object-based selection.

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Object-based eye movements: The eyes prefer to stay within the same object

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Object-based attention in real-world scenes.

Object-based attention in real-world scenes.

Neural dynamics of object-based multifocal visual spatial attention and priming: Object cueing, useful-field-of-view, and crowding

Object-based attention: A tutorial review

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