Obesogenic island: the financial burden of private transport on low-income households

Harrington, Janas M.; Friel, Sharon; Thunhurst, Colin; Kirby, Ann; McElroy, Brendan

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdm084

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…193,194 The price of gasoline has also been proposed as a key factor that could influence individuals’ transportation choices, including modes of transit such as walking and biking. Gasoline consumption is responsive to price changes, 195–197 and thus increasing gas price could theoretically reduce driving and possibly increase modes of active commuting. 198–200 One cross-sectional observational analysis in Europe found a significant inverse association between gasoline price and prevalence of obesity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits

Mozaffarian¹,

Afshin²,

Benowitz³

et al. 2012

Circulation

506

427

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Background Poor lifestyle, including suboptimal diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use are leading causes of preventable diseases globally. Although even modest population shifts in risk substantially alter health outcomes, the optimal population-level approaches to improve lifestyle are not well established. Methods and Results For this American Heart Association Scientific Statement, the writing group systematically reviewed and graded the current scientific evidence for effective population approaches to improve dietary habits, increase physical activity, and reduce tobacco use. Strategies were considered in 6 broad domains: (1) media and education campaigns; (2) labeling and consumer information; (3) taxation, subsidies, and other economic incentives; (4) school and workplace approaches; (5) local environmental changes; and (6) direct restrictions and mandates. The writing group also reviewed the potential contributions of healthcare systems and surveillance systems to behavior change efforts. Several specific population interventions that achieved a Class I or IIa recommendation with grade A or B evidence were identified, providing a set of specific evidence-based strategies that deserve close attention and prioritization for wider implementation. Effective interventions included specific approaches in all 6 domains evaluated for improving diet, increasing activity, and reducing tobacco use. The writing group also identified several specific interventions in each of these domains for which current evidence was less robust, as well as other inconsistencies and evidence gaps, informing the need for further rigorous and interdisciplinary approaches to evaluate population programs and policies. Conclusions This systematic review identified and graded the evidence for a range of population-based strategies to promote lifestyle change. The findings provide a framework for policy makers, advocacy groups, researchers, clinicians, communities, and other stakeholders to understand and implement the most effective approaches. New strategic initiatives and partnerships are needed to translate this evidence into action.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits

Mozaffarian¹,

Afshin²,

Benowitz³

et al. 2012

Circulation

506

427

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although transportation is essential to the lives of the poor, it can be expensive and impose a heavy burden on low-income and working families (Fan & Huang, 2011;Fletcher, Garasky, & Nielsen, 2005;Harrington, Thunhurst, Kirby, & McElroy, 2008;Lipman, 2006;McCann, 2000;Rice, 2003;Roberto, 2008;Sanchez & Brenman, 2007). Although extremely useful, existing studies leave unanswered many important questions about the relationship for poor families between transportation costs and access to essential places.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting Around When You’re Just Getting By: Transportation Survival Strategies of the Poor

Blumenberg¹,

Agrawal

2014

Journal of Poverty

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Researchers argue that transportation expenditures impose a heavy burden on low-income households, many of whom experience difficulty managing their travel costs. However, relatively little research explores how low-income households manage their mobility needs. To address this issue, this study uses qualitative data from interviews with 73 low-income people living in and around San Jose, California. The interviews reveal the resiliency of low-income families in creatively managing their transportation costs. However, the transportation survival strategies of the poor can come at a high price-fewer miles traveled and, therefore, reduced access to opportunities that may lift them out of poverty.

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“…Since gasoline consumption is responsive to price changes (Harrington et al, 2008; Hughes et al, 2008; Leigh and Geraghty, 2008), increasing gas price could theoretically reduce driving and possibly increase PA and decrease obesity (Edwards, 2008; Wen and Rissel, 2008; Zheng, 2008). While one European study showed that gasoline price and prevalence of obesity were inversely associated (Rabin et al, 2007), this association is indirect since the most likely pathway would be through PA. To date, one cross-sectional study suggests higher cycling in areas with higher gasoline prices (Rashad, 2009), and a recent surveillance study shows an association between increasing gas prices and walking (Courtemanche, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal trends in gasoline price and physical activity: The CARDIA study

Hou

Popkin

Jacobs

et al. 2011

Preventive Medicine

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Objective To investigate longitudinal associations between community-level gasoline price and physical activity (PA). Method In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, 5,115 black and white participants aged 18–30 at baseline 1985–86 were recruited from four U.S. cities (Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis and Oakland) and followed over time. We used data from 3 follow-up exams: 1992–93, 1995–96, and 2000–01, when the participants were located across 48 states. From questionnaire data, a total PA score was summarized in exercise units (EU) based on intensity and frequency of 13 PA categories. Using Geographic Information Systems, participants’ residential locations were linked to county-level inflation-adjusted gasoline price data collected by the Council for Community & Economic Research. We used a random-effect longitudinal regression model to examine associations between time-varying gasoline price and time-varying PA, controlling for age, race, gender, baseline study center, and time-varying education, marital status, household income, county cost of living, county bus fare, census block-group poverty, and urbanicity. Results Holding all control variables constant, a 25-cent increase in inflation-adjusted gasoline price was significantly associated with an increase of 9.9 EU in total PA (95%CI: 0.8–19.1). Conclusion Rising prices of gasoline may be associated with an unintended increase in leisure PA.

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Obesogenic island: the financial burden of private transport on low-income households

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits

Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits

Getting Around When You’re Just Getting By: Transportation Survival Strategies of the Poor

Longitudinal trends in gasoline price and physical activity: The CARDIA study

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