Obesity reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide in juveniles

Abstract

Objective: There is growing evidence that nitric oxide (NO) is critically involved in obesity and its clinical consequences like cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes. We hypothesize that NO is already involved in the pathophysiology of juvenile obesity. We here determined the role of NO, its metabolites arginine and citrulline in obese and normal weight children. Design: We investigated 57 obese and 57 normal weight age-and gender-matched juveniles. Various clinical parameters as well as body measurements and intima media thickness were determined. Results: Obese juveniles revealed highly significant alterations in the NO pathway. NOX and citrulline were decreased in obese compared to normal weight juveniles and negatively correlated with body weight. Arginine was increased in obese juveniles and positively correlated with body weight. We found a significant negative correlation between NOX and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Analysis of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) revealed correlations with the NO pathway as NOX and citrulline were negatively correlated with GABA and arginine showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: We show here that NO and its metabolites arginine and citrulline are already involved in juvenile obesity that may contribute to atherogenesis via reduced bioavailability of NO. Moreover, we identify GABA as a new parameter in the mechanism of obesity-related NO reduction.

Role of T Regulatory Lymphocytes in the Pathogenesis of High-Fructose Diet–Induced Metabolic Syndrome

“…Plasma NO x levels are increased in obese children with metabolic syndrome and in New Zealand Obese mice, 29,30 whereas they are decreased in obese teenagers with metabolic syndrome. 31 Other laboratories have observed that plasma NO x was increased in rats that were fed a highfructose diet for 8 and 13 weeks. 32,33 However, plasma NO x was decreased in another rat model treated with 10% fructose in drinking water for 6 weeks.…”

Associação do índice de massa corporal e da resistência à insulina com síndrome metabólica em crianças brasileiras

“…Nonetheless, it has been postulated that a resistant state may lead to hypertension due to the failure of the nitric oxide-mediated vasodilator activity of the insulin hormone on endothelial cells 35 . It has been reported that this effect is diminished in obese individuals 36 . It is reasonable to assume that such failure in the insulin action, coupled to independent events of excessive renal reabsorption and/or consumption of sodium as well as persistence of sympathetic activity can contribute to the rise of the blood pressure.…”

Circuit Resistance Training Attenuates Acute Exertion-Induced Reductions in Arterial Function but Not Inflammation in Obese Women

“…Paradoxically, cross-sectional studies indicate that exerciseinduced reductions in FMD are not apparent in trained populations who regularly engage in exercise. 12,16 Given that obesity and sedentary lifestyle independently contribute to low-grade inflammation 17,18 and reduced NO bioavailability, 13,19 it is plausible to hypothesize that inflammation may be a critical factor mediating postexercise reductions in FMD among obese and sedentary populations.…”