Obesity, metabolic health and omics: Current status and future directions

Paczkowska-Abdulsalam, Magdalena; Krętowski, Adam

doi:10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.420

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Interestingly, participants with a stable MHO phenotype were found to have a comparable risk of CVD as metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHNW) individuals ( 7 ). Therefore, maintaining a healthy metabolic profile appears to be a valid approach to preventing cardiometabolic diseases ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fat and muscle were associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes in normal weight and overweight/obesity in Yi people: A cross-sectional study in Southwest China

Wang

Pan

Wan

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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This study aimed to determine the association between the absolute mass, distribution, and relative ratio of body fat and muscle with the metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotypes in normal weight and overweight/obesity in Yi people in China. The cross-sectional data from the Yi Migrants Study was used, which included 3,053 Yi people aged 20–80 years from the rural and urban sets. Participants were classified according to body mass index and metabolic status. Body composition including body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass index (FMI), visceral fat grade (VFG), muscle mass index (MMI), and muscle/fat ratio (M/F) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Restricted cubic spline and logistics regression models were used to test the associations between body composition parameters with MU phenotypes. Receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to analyze the predictive value of MU phenotypes. Among the normal weight and overweight/obesity, 26.31% (497/1,889) and 52.15% (607/1,164) were metabolically unhealthy. Stratified by BMI, covariance analysis showed higher body fat (BFP, FMI, and VFG) and MMI in MU participants than in healthy participants. BFP, FMI, VFG, and MMI were positively associated with MU phenotypes both in normal weight and overweight/obesity after adjustment. M/F was significantly lower than MU participants and was negatively associated with MU phenotypes. BFP, FMI, VFG, and M/F could better predict MU phenotypes than BMI. We concluded that BFP, FMI, and VFG were positively associated with MU phenotypes, while M/F was negatively associated with MU phenotypes across the BMI categories in Yi people. Body fat and muscle measurement could be a valuable approach for obesity management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fat and muscle were associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes in normal weight and overweight/obesity in Yi people: A cross-sectional study in Southwest China

Wang

Pan

Wan

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…One point was allotted for each MetS risk criteria (cut-off values defined in Supplementary Table S1 ). In line with human clinical categorizations, MHL animals had a MetS score of zero, MHO animals had a MetS score of one for their obesity status, and MUL and MUO animals had MetS scores of two or higher ( Figure 1 a) [ 14 ]. By design, the MHO and MUO animals demonstrated increased waist circumferences compared to the MHL and MUL groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Macrophage Phenotypes and Gene Expression Patterns Are Unique in Naturally Occurring Metabolically Healthy Obesity

Ruggiero

Vemuri

Block

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Obesity impacts 650 million individuals globally, often co-occurring with metabolic syndrome. Though many obese individuals experience metabolic abnormalities (metabolically unhealthy obese [MUO]), ~30% do not (metabolically healthy obese [MHO]). Conversely, >10% of lean individuals are metabolically unhealthy (MUL). To evaluate the physiologic drivers of these phenotypes, a 44-animal African green monkey cohort was selected using metabolic syndrome risk criteria to represent these four clinically defined health groups. Body composition imaging and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SQ AT) biopsies were collected. Differences in adipocyte size, macrophage subtype distribution, gene expression, vascularity and fibrosis were analyzed using digital immunohistopathology, unbiased RNA-seq, endothelial CD31, and Masson’s trichrome staining, respectively. MHO AT demonstrated significant increases in M2 macrophages (p = 0.02) and upregulation of fatty acid oxidation-related terms and transcripts, including FABP7 (p = 0.01). MUO AT demonstrated downregulation of these factors and co-occurring upregulation of immune responses. These changes occurred without differences in AT distributions, adipocyte size, AT endothelial cells, collagen I deposition, or circulating cytokine levels. Without unhealthy diet consumption, healthy obesity is defined by an increased SQ AT M2/M1 macrophage ratio and lipid handling gene expression. We highlight M2 macrophages and fatty acid oxidation as targets for improving metabolic health with obesity.

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“…The association of hypertension with MHO phenotype may arise from the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, oxidative stress, and altered cytokines [ 47 , 48 ]. Metabolomic tools have been used to confirm the role of hepatic and mitochondrial functions in metabolic disturbances, and significant differences in gut microbiota composition have been found between MHO and MUO individuals [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between metabolically healthy obesity and the development of hypertension: a nationwide population-based study

Yuan

Sun

Kong

2022

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Background Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), has been recognized as a transient phenotype with few cardiometabolic diseases; however, little is known regarding the development of hypertension in subjects with an absence of cardiometabolic abnormalities and general obesity evaluated by body mass index (BMI) or abdominal obesity evaluated by waist circumference (WC). Methods A total of 4764 participants were enrolled from the China Health and Nutrition Survey and followed up from 2009 to 2015, whose fasting blood samples were collected in 2009. Obesity was classified as abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women) and general obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between MHO and prehypertension (120 < SBP < 140 mmHg or 80 < DBP < 90 mmHg) and hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg). The age- and sex-specific impacts were further analyzed. Results There were 412 (37.9%) participants with prehypertension and 446 (41.0%) participants with hypertension and metabolically healthy abdominal obesity (MHAO). The participants with the MHAO phenotype had significantly higher risks of prehypertension [odds ratio (OR) = 1.89 (1.51–2.36), p < 0.001] and hypertension [OR = 2.58 (2.02–3.30), p < 0.001] than those metabolically healthy but without abdominal obesity. Similar associations were observed in the subjects with metabolically healthy general obesity (MHGO) phenotype, particularly those aged under 64 years. Men with the MHAO phenotype seemed to have higher risks of prehypertension [2.42 (1.52–3.86) in men vs. 1.76 (1.36–2.29) in women] and hypertension [3.80 (2.38–6.06) in men vs. 2.22 (1.64-3.00) in women] than women, when compared with those metabolically healthy but without abdominal obesity. Conclusion The MHO phenotype, regardless of the presence of general or abdominal obesity, showed a worse effect on the development of prehypertension and hypertension, particularly in young adults. Abdominal adiposity with a healthy metabolic state is significantly associated with incident hypertension in both men and women. These findings can guide the establishment of risk-stratified obesity treatments.

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Obesity, metabolic health and omics: Current status and future directions

Cited by 19 publications

References 77 publications

Body fat and muscle were associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes in normal weight and overweight/obesity in Yi people: A cross-sectional study in Southwest China

Body fat and muscle were associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes in normal weight and overweight/obesity in Yi people: A cross-sectional study in Southwest China

Macrophage Phenotypes and Gene Expression Patterns Are Unique in Naturally Occurring Metabolically Healthy Obesity

Relationship between metabolically healthy obesity and the development of hypertension: a nationwide population-based study

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