Obesity, inflammation, and the gut microbiota

Cox, Amanda J.; West, Nicholas P.; Cripps, Allan W.

doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70134-2

Cited by 702 publications

(507 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…A link between infl ammation and obesity has been confi rmed by many studies [157]. Hence, the impact of PA on infl ammation could be linked to particular effects on obesity.…”

Section: Propionic Acidmentioning

confidence: 85%

Reevaluating the hype: four bacterial metabolites under scrutiny

Fröhlich

Mayerhofer

Holzer

2015

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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With microbiome research being a fiercely contested playground in science, new data are being published at tremendous pace. The review at hand serves to critically revise four microbial metabolites widely applied in research: butyric acid, flagellin, lipoteichoic acid, and propionic acid. All four metabolites are physiologically present in healthy humans. Nevertheless, all four are likewise involved in pathologies ranging from cancer to mental retardation. Their inflammatory potential is equally friend and foe. The authors systematically analyze positive and negative attributes of the aforementioned substances, indicating chances and dangers with the use of pre-and probiotic therapeutics. Furthermore, the widespread actions of microbial metabolites on distinct organs and diseases are reconciled. Moreover, the review serves as critical discourse on scientific methods commonly employed in microbiome research and comparability as well as reproducibility issues arising thereof.

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“…A link between infl ammation and obesity has been confi rmed by many studies [157]. Hence, the impact of PA on infl ammation could be linked to particular effects on obesity.…”

Section: Propionic Acidmentioning

confidence: 85%

Reevaluating the hype: four bacterial metabolites under scrutiny

Fröhlich

Mayerhofer

Holzer

2015

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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“…An acknowledged component of chronic obesity is inflammation, with recent evidence suggesting that perturbations in gut microbiota and permeability are the main triggers for the development of obesity-associated inflammation [7]. In this context, the balance between n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is a key control mechanism in the production of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mediators.…”

Section: Vulgaris Treatment Increases the Phosphorylation Of Ir Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorella vulgaris as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids and Micronutrients: A Brief Commentary

Freitas¹

2017

TOPSJ

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) comprise about 35-40% of the total lipid content from green algae Chlorella, reaching up to 24% linoleic acid and 27% α-linolenic acid in C. vulgaris. Also, microalgae nutrient composition may be modulated by changes in the culture medium, increasing fatty acid and microelement concentrations in the algae biomass. PUFAs, such as α-linolenic (n-3) and linoleic (n-6) acids, as well as its derivatives, are considered essential for dietary consumption, and their ability to regulate body chemistry has been recently explored in depth. A balanced fatty acid consumption is shown to counteract the negative effects of western diets, such as chronic inflammation and glucose intolerance. In this brief commentary, technological and practical uses of C. vulgaris are explored as means to improve dietary quality and, ultimately, human health.

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“…The exact causes of the low grade systemic inflammation of obesity are uncertain, with some considering it related to changes in gut bacteria caused by a western diet high in fat and/or refined carbohydrates. [25,26,27].…”

Section: The Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting Fat: “What” is Eaten is as Important as “How much” is Eaten

Shrimpton¹,

Bazzano²,

Mason³

2017

J Obes Weight Loss Ther

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Obesity is becoming an enormous global problem and urgent measures are needed to contain it. Traditional thinking that it is just a problem of energy balance has led to educational approaches to get people to eat less and exercise more becoming the standard interventions. However, new evidence suggests that it is not just how much you eat, but what is being eaten that is driving the problem. Evidence for the various causalities, especially sugar intake, and the sort of approaches needed to stop the problem getting worse are presented. Policy actions to promote healthy diets cannot just focus on information based approaches that will help the public make better informed choices (e.g. media campaigns, dietary guidelines). In addition, more structural approaches are needed such as fiscal measures, and restrictions on advertising. Policy assessments should be carefully designed based on a theory of change, using indicators of progress along the various pathways towards the long-term goal of reducing obesity rates. The most important research needed is to strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of such programme approaches using a plausibility approach. No country has demonstrated success in controlling obesity yet.

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Obesity, inflammation, and the gut microbiota

Cited by 702 publications

References 97 publications

Reevaluating the hype: four bacterial metabolites under scrutiny

Reevaluating the hype: four bacterial metabolites under scrutiny

Chlorella vulgaris as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids and Micronutrients: A Brief Commentary

Getting Fat: “What” is Eaten is as Important as “How much” is Eaten

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