Obesity in older adults: Effect of degree of weight loss on cardiovascular markers and medications

Haywood, Cilla; Prendergast, Luke A.; Lim, Ratana; Lappas, Martha; Lim, Wen Kwang; Proietto, Joseph

doi:10.1111/cob.12316

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In a recent systematic review, Haywood and Sumithran [52] included RCTs published until January 2018 examining the effects of any type of WL-intervention tested in persons aged 60 years and beyond with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/ m 2 ). They identified two new small trials [53][54][55] actually testing VLCDs with an energy intake around 800-1000 kcal/d through meal replacements (Optifast program) over a relatively short period of time (3-6 months) in older adults without functional impairment or frailty at baseline (age range 65-85 years). One of them was partly industry-funded by Nestlé [53].…”

Section: Potential Benefits and Harms Of Weight Loss In Older Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both trials WL was greatest in the VLCD group, with comparable differences in the reduction of FM and WC. Haywood and colleagues in their trial also analysed changes in biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and found that improvements were more pronounced in the VLCD group [55]. However, the loss of LM and BMD was also greater in the VLCD group [54].…”

Section: Potential Benefits and Harms Of Weight Loss In Older Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary weight-loss interventions for the management of obesity in older adults

Goisser

Kiesswetter

Schoene

et al. 2020

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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The obesity epidemic has reached old age in most industrialized countries, but trials elucidating the benefits and risks of weight reduction in older adults above 70 years of age with obesity remain scarce. While some findings demonstrate a reduced risk of mortality and other negative health outcomes in older individuals with overweight and mild obesity (i.e. body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m 2 ), other recent research indicates that voluntary weight loss can positively affect diverse health outcomes in older individuals with overweight and obesity (BMI > 27 kg/m 2 ), especially when combined with exercise. However, in this age group weight reduction is usually associated with a reduction of muscle mass and bone mineral density. Since uncertainty persists as to which level overweight or obesity might be tolerable (or even beneficial) for older persons, current recommendations are to consider weight reducing diets only for older persons that are obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) and have weight-related health problems. Precise treatment modalities (e.g. appropriate level of caloric restriction and indicated dietary composition, such as specific dietary patterns or optimal protein content) as well as the most effective and safest way of adding exercise are still under research. Moreover, the long-term effects of weight-reducing interventions in older individuals remain to be clarified, and dietary concepts that work for older adults who are unable or unwilling to exercise are required. In conclusion, further research is needed to elucidate which interventions are effective in reducing obesity-related health risks in older adults without causing relevant harm in this vulnerable population.

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Section: Potential Benefits and Harms Of Weight Loss In Older Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Benefits and Harms Of Weight Loss In Older Personsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary weight-loss interventions for the management of obesity in older adults

Goisser

Kiesswetter

Schoene

et al. 2020

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Each disease is accompanied by weight loss. (13,55) Weight loss helps to recover. Simple restriction of food intake decreases MR by 45%.…”

Section: Individual Bodyweight Potential Body Energy Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weightloss recovers from a lot of chronic diseases such as hypertension, gastric ulcer, psoriasis, diabetes, bronchial asthma, neoplasms, urolithiasis, gallstone disease, and etc. (13,(58)(59)(60)(61) Overeating at overweight deteriorates digestive; leads to malnutrition, metabolic intoxication, and immune stress. (62) Alimentary energy is energy expenditure for food intake, digestive, absorption, transport, storage, and eliminating.…”

Section: Individual Bodyweight Potential Body Energy Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weight loss methods improve in multiple cardiovascular risk markers, reduce in medication, improve MR. (13,14) However, not every weight loss method can support metabolic health, reduce in energy expenditure, reduce oxidative damage, and delay age-associated declines in physiological function. (15) The impact of overweight on MR, health and diseases, aging and lifespan was separately investigated before, but all in conjunction was not studied, especially the impact of overweight and MR on TFP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overweight Effects on Metabolic Rate, Chronic Diseases, Time Perception, Aging, and Lifespan: a Systematic Review

Oshakbayev¹,

Bedelbayeva

Gazaliyeva

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The hypothesis that metabolic rate is inversely correlated with lifespan has long been debating. Another area of controversy is an evidence of a relationship between metabolic rate and time perception, and aging. Aim: to study the impact of overweight and food intake on metabolic rate, time-flow perception, chronic diseases, aging, lifespan; difficulties in weight loss.Methods: Design: a systematic review. Setting and Participants: Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Kopernio, PubMed, Mendeley were searched for articles published from January 1979 until March 2020. The study bases on a viewpoint supported by a systematic literature review of 3612 articles published worldwide.Results: In total, 107 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. From them, 25 articles were excluded with reasons. Overweight and food intake are the main causes of accelerating metabolic rate. By age, the body should less calorie intake due to decreasing metabolic rate. Body capability to gain weight is integral indicator of body energy reserve that depletes after weight gain. Increased metabolic rate creates a delayed time-flow perception and accelerates aging. Metabolic rate and lifespan are inversely correlated. Weight loss is a good tool to delay aging and increase lifespan. Very-low-calorie diets and to manage metabolic intoxication should use at weight loss.Conclusions: The findings support overweight with overeating increases metabolic rate that in turn delays time-flow perception, increases disease, accelerates aging, limits lifespan. For weight loss has to manage a very-low-calorie diet.

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Diets for weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic review of trials of diets for diabetes remission

et al. 2021

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Aims/hypothesis Weight reduction is fundamental for type 2 diabetes management and remission, but uncertainty exists over which diet type is best to achieve and maintain weight loss. We evaluated dietary approaches for weight loss, and remission, in people with type 2 diabetes to inform practice and clinical guidelines. Methods First, we conducted a systematic review of published meta-analyses of RCTs of weight-loss diets. We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, up to 7 May 2021. We synthesised weight loss findings stratified by diet types and assessed meta-analyses quality with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2. We assessed certainty of pooled results of each meta-analysis using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) (PROSPERO CRD42020169258). Second, we conducted a systematic review of any intervention studies reporting type 2 diabetes remission with weight-loss diets, in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, up to 10 May 2021. Findings were synthesised by diet type and study quality (Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies – of Interventions [ROBINS-I]), with GRADE applied (PROSPERO CRD42020208878). Results We identified 19 meta-analyses of weight-loss diets, involving 2–23 primary trials (n = 100–1587), published 2013–2021. Twelve were ‘critically low’ or ‘low’ AMSTAR 2 quality, with seven ‘high’ quality. Greatest weight loss was reported with very low energy diets, 1.7–2.1 MJ/day (400–500 kcal) for 8–12 weeks (high-quality meta-analysis, GRADE low), achieving 6.6 kg (95% CI −9.5, −3.7) greater weight loss than low-energy diets (4.2–6.3 MJ/day [1000–1500 kcal]). Formula meal replacements (high quality, GRADE moderate) achieved 2.4 kg (95% CI −3.3, −1.4) greater weight loss over 12–52 weeks. Low-carbohydrate diets were no better for weight loss than higher-carbohydrate/low-fat diets (high quality, GRADE high). High-protein, Mediterranean, high-monounsaturated-fatty-acid, vegetarian and low-glycaemic-index diets all achieved minimal (0.3–2 kg) or no difference from control diets (low to critically low quality, GRADE very low/moderate). For type 2 diabetes remission, of 373 records, 16 met inclusion criteria. Remissions at 1 year were reported for a median 54% of participants in RCTs including initial low-energy total diet replacement (low-risk-of-bias study, GRADE high), and 11% and 15% for meal replacements and Mediterranean diets, respectively (some concerns for risk of bias in studies, GRADE moderate/low). For ketogenic/very low-carbohydrate and very low-energy food-based diets, the evidence for remission (20% and 22%, respectively) has serious and critical risk of bias, and GRADE certainty is very low. Conclusions/interpretation Published meta-analyses of hypocaloric diets for weight management in people with type 2 diabetes do not support any particular macronutrient profile or style over others. Very low energy diets and formula meal replacement appear the most effective approaches, generally providing less energy than self-administered food-based diets. Programmes including a hypocaloric formula ‘total diet replacement’ induction phase were most effective for type 2 diabetes remission. Most of the evidence is restricted to 1 year or less. Well-conducted research is needed to assess longer-term impacts on weight, glycaemic control, clinical outcomes and diabetes complications. Graphical abstract

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Obesity in older adults: Effect of degree of weight loss on cardiovascular markers and medications

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Dietary weight-loss interventions for the management of obesity in older adults

Dietary weight-loss interventions for the management of obesity in older adults

Overweight Effects on Metabolic Rate, Chronic Diseases, Time Perception, Aging, and Lifespan: a Systematic Review

Diets for weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic review of trials of diets for diabetes remission

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