Background The spread of COVID-19 depends on a lot of social and economic factors. The aim: to study the influence of country’s gross domestic product, population prevalence of overweight/ obesity, NCD mortality, and vaccination on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates. Methods A cross-sectional study with two phases: correlation-regression interrelations in 1) all world countries; 2) all world non-island countries. The study includes the following data from 218 world countries: COVID-19 morbidity/mortality rates, GDP per capita, the prevalence of overweight/ obesity, NCD mortality among adults (both sexes), people fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Results An average percentage of the prevalence of overweight among adults in world countries by 2019 was 47.31±15.99%, obesity 18.34±9.64%, while the prevalence by 2016 were 39% and 13%, respectively. Overweight and obesity among adults during three years grew by 21.2% and 40.8%, respectively. Data from the world countries provide significant correlations (p<0.0001) between COVID-19 morbidity, and: GDP (r=0.517), overweight (r=0.54), obesity (r=0.528), NCD mortality (r=0.537); COVID-19 mortality, and: GDP (r=0.344), overweight (r=0.514), obesity (r=0.489), NCD mortality (r=0.611); GDP, and: overweight (r=0.507), obesity (r=0.523), NCD mortality (r=0.35), fully vaccinated people (r=0.754). An increase in fully vaccinated people, from 3% to 30% of world population, decreases new confirmed COVID-19 cases, although the dependence was not significant (p=0.07). Data from non-island world countries provides more highly significant correlations (p<0.0001) between COVID-19 morbidity, and: GDP (r=0.616), overweight (r=0.581), obesity (r=0.583); COVID-19 mortality, and: GDP (r=0.43), overweight (r=0.556), obesity (r=0.539); GDP, and: overweight (r=0.601), obesity (r=0.633). The differences of correlation coefficients between data of 176 world countries and data of 143 world non-island countries were not significant (Z-scores<1.29; p>0.05). Conclusion The study provides evidence of a significant impact of overweight/obesity prevalence on the increase in COVID-19 morbidity/mortality. Countries with higher GDP have a high overweight/obesity prevalence and possibility to get vaccinated.
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) occupy leading positions in the mortality of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). In RK CVD screening is performed with 40-years of age. Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of screening over time. Methods We conducted a survey of 121 patients with CVD, identified on screening. Results The average age patients in survey-54.3 [95% CI: 52.64;55.96], of which 38% are men and 62%-women. Fact smoking mark 64 persons (52±8), alcohol-(37.2±11.6), family history-66 (54.5±8.1) daily physical activity-34 person (28.1±14.3). Middle systolic blood pressure (BP) is 144.3 [95% CI: 141.61;146.99] and diastolic BP 90.2 [95% CI: 89.02;91.38] mm.Hg. Most of the respondents have different degrees of obesity. The average BMI is 31.8 [95% CI: 30.93;32.67]. The average waist size is 89.1 [95% CI: 86.88;91.52], with the waist size of women over 80 cm (91.9 [89.03;94.77] and the waist size of men 86.1 [82.31; 89.89]. Mean values for total cholesterol of 5.9 [95% CI: 5.85;5.95]. To evaluate the effect of various factors on the increase in BP, we calculated the analysis of variance. According to our calculations, gender does not affect BP, however, age, BMI and waist size affect. We interviewed patients for complaints, analyzed outpatient cards, a check-up journal: chest pains or interruptions in the heart during exercise are noted by 25 people (20.7±17.5), improvement of the subjective state-29 (24±15.9), regularly receive basic therapy-59 (48.8±9.1), call the ambulance team-43 (35.5±12), are urgently hospitalized for a year-31 (25.6±15.2) and 7 person participate in the school of CVD. There is a statistically significant relationship between gender and smoking, gender and alcohol, gender and regular intake of basic therapy at a significance level of p < 0.05. Conclusions Identifying the low effectiveness of CVD screening over time requires the revision of a comprehensive training program for doctors-nurses and the public. Key messages Patients in Kazakhstan generally do not change their lifestyle after screening for a disease. The effectiveness of the screening depends on the teamwork of the doctor, nurse and patient.
BACKGROUND: The authors aim to publish the results of their studies in peer-reviewed targeted international journals with a high impact-factor as possible, but they are also exposing to “predatory” publishers. AIM: The aim of the study was to offer some advices for authors to help to identify relevant medical journals, avoid “predatory” journals and publishers, use intermediary services, know a journal policy, and expectations of good journal editor(s). RECOMMENDATIONS: During the publication process authors should find suitable journals, assume a risk to encounter “predatory” or “hijacked” journals, know the advantages and disadvantages of using intermediary publishing services, understand expectations of editor(s), and make payment for article processing. CONCLUSIONS: The advices can help many researchers to publish their papers in relevant journals with cited indexes, and avoid many problems within the publication process.
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