Obesity Drives an Oral Microbiota Signature of Female Patients with Periodontitis: A Pilot Study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the link between oral microbiota and obesity in humans. We conducted a pilot study including 19 subjects with periodontitis divided into two groups: normo-weighted subjects (NWS) with a body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 25 (n = 9) and obese subjects (OS) with a BMI > 30 (n = 10). Obesity was associated with a poor oral health status characterized by an increased number of missing teeth and a higher score of periodontal-support loss associated with dysbiotic oral microbiota (39.45 ± 3.74 vs. 26.41 ± 11.21, p = 0.03 for the Chao 1 index). Oral microbiota taxonomic analysis showed that the abundance of the Capnocytophaga genus was higher (2.47% ± 3.02 vs. 0.27% ± 0.29, p = 0.04) in OS compared to NWS. Obese females (OF) were characterized by an increase in the Streptococcus genus (34.12% ± 14.29 vs. 10.55% ± 10.42, p = 0.05) compared to obese males (OM), where the Neisseria genus was increased (5.75% ± 5.03 vs. 58.05% ± 30.64, p = 0.008). These first data suggest that sex/gender is determinant in the link between oral dysbiotic microbiota and obesity in patients with periodontitis. Our results could lead to recommendations concerning therapeutic strategies for obese patients with periodontitis following the sex/gender.

Relationship between Obesity, Gingival Inflammation, and Periodontal Bacteria after 4-Week Weight Control Program in 20’s

“…Regarding the Capnocytophaga genus, it is too early to dismiss the result in this study as it contradicts the results in previous studies, because the two studies; Thomas et al 15) and de Andrade et al 16) also reported contrasting results. In addition, the significant increase in dental plaque index following the program in this study implied the need to conduct a follow-up study to determine the influence of the respective index.…”

“…In the study by Tam et al 14) , conducted on Type II diabetes patients, the diversity and composition of oral microbiota significantly varied between the group with BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 and the group with BMI ＜30 kg/m 2 . Thomas et al 15) conducted microbial analyses on 19 patients with periodontitis and showed that the periodontal state in obese subjects was far more deteriorated with a larger number of missing tooth and a higher score of periodontal-support loss as well as a higher level of the Capnocytophaga genus. In de Andrade et al 16) , conducted on 29 healthy, 26 overweight and 22…”

Oral Microbiota: A Major Player in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases

“…Recently we showed that obese people present an increased periodontal risk associated with an increase of Capnocytophaga present in the oral microbiota. Moreover, we showed that sex/gender plays a role in the oral microbiota signature of obesity in subjects with periodontitis: obese females were characterized by an increase in the Streptococcus genus compared to obese males, where the Neisseria genus was increased [68]. Even if the positive association between obesity and periodontitis has been demonstrated in numerous clinical and epidemiological studies, the causal link between oral microbiota and obesity remains to be clarified.…”

Obesity influences composition of salivary and fecal microbiota and impacts the interactions between bacterial taxa

“…In the obese group, the highest connectivity was observed for Fretibacterium (8 connections), F0058 (7 connections), Mycoplasma (7 connections), and Tannerella (7 connections). Several of these genera, including Fretibacterium , F0058 , and Tannerella were shown to be correlated with metabolic disorders (Belstrøm, 2020 ; Haffajee & Socransky, 2009 ; Janem et al, 2017 ; Silva‐Boghossian et al, 2018 ; Thomas et al, 2021 ). In addition, all of the most connected bacterial taxa were associated with periodontitis (Krishnan et al, 2017 ; Kwek et al, 1990 ; Nóvoa et al, 2020 ; Silva‐Boghossian et al, 2018 ).…”