Obesity, Cortisol Excess, and the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis

Hunter, Louise; Syed, Akheel A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48559-3.00004-x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…For example, Cushing's Syndrome is a severe, chronic, systemic condition that results from glucocorticoid (e.g., cortisol) excess. Patients with this illness have increased morbidity and mortality that often includes the following: visceral obesity, dyslipidemia (e.g., high triacylglycerols and low HDL-cholesterol levels), arterial hypertension, cardiovascular abnormalities and disordered body fluid homeostasis [68,69]. Elevated plasma cortisol (i.e., HPA axis hyperactivity) also has been theoretically associated with the pathologies of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome [70] and subtypes of major depression [66,71].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Morbidity and Mortality: Avp And Cortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Low and High Water Consumers—A Paradigm of Disease Risk

Armstrong

Muñoz

Armstrong³

2020

Nutrients

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A long-standing body of clinical observations associates low 24-h total water intake (TWI = water + beverages + food moisture) with acute renal disorders such as kidney stones and urinary tract infections. These findings prompted observational studies and experimental interventions comparing habitual low volume (LOW) and high volume (HIGH) drinkers. Investigators have learned that the TWI of LOW and HIGH differ by 1–2 L·d−1, their hematological values (e.g., plasma osmolality, plasma sodium) are similar and lie within the laboratory reference ranges of healthy adults and both groups appear to successfully maintain water-electrolyte homeostasis. However, LOW differs from HIGH in urinary biomarkers (e.g., reduced urine volume and increased osmolality or specific gravity), as well as higher plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and cortisol. Further, evidence suggests that both a low daily TWI and/or elevated plasma AVP influence the development and progression of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Based on these studies, we propose a theory of increased disease risk in LOW that involves chronic release of fluid-electrolyte (i.e., AVP) and stress (i.e., cortisol) hormones. This narrative review describes small but important differences between LOW and HIGH, advises future investigations and provides practical dietary recommendations for LOW that are intended to decrease their risk of chronic diseases.

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Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Morbidity and Mortality: Avp And Cortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Low and High Water Consumers—A Paradigm of Disease Risk

Armstrong

Muñoz

Armstrong³

2020

Nutrients

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“…Of them, 124 million were classified as obese (Chakraborty et al, 2019). Existing literature has indicated obesity induced improper regulation of pituitary-adrenal axis through Hyperactivation of axis (Hunter andSyed, 2018: Incollingo Rodriguez et al, 2015). Secretion of ACTH (Adrenocorticotrotrpoic hormone) from pituitary increases that ultimately results in high serum Cortisol level.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Therapeutic Effects Of Aqueous Cinnamon Extrac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of therapeutic effects of aqueous cinnamon extract against obesity associated dysregulation of pituitary-adrenal axis

Abbas

Shaukat

Asghar

et al. 2023

ijhs

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Obesity is distinguished by unwanted and surplus accumulation of lipids in body principally in adipocytes. Inactive lifestyle and dietary irregularities are considered as premiers among a variety of obesogenic risk factors. Obesity is associated with variations in the concentration of trophic and tropic hormones from pituitary gland affecting different body parts and other endocrine glands including adrenal gland. Current study was design to explore the anti-obesity potential of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) against high sugar and high fat induced hyper-activity of pituitary-adrenal (PA) axis and obesity. Twenty-five healthy Wistar albino female rats were selected as model animal. Body weight, oral glucose tolerance test, serum cortisol, hematology and histopathological analysis were performed. The high sugar and high fat induced increase in body eight was decline by cinnamon administration. Hematological analysis revealed a significant decreased concentration of RBCs and hemoglobin and increased WBCs and platelet count following sub-acute exposure of high sugar and high fat changes were attenuated by cinnamon. High sugar and fat associated elevated serum cortisol was normalized after cinnamon exposure. Moreover, cinnamon protected the histopathological alterations following high sugar and fat administration, showed protective effects of Cinnamon against obesity associated dysregulation of PA axis and metabolic impairment.

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Obesity, Cortisol Excess, and the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis

Cited by 2 publications

References 74 publications

Distinguishing Low and High Water Consumers—A Paradigm of Disease Risk

Distinguishing Low and High Water Consumers—A Paradigm of Disease Risk

Evaluation of therapeutic effects of aqueous cinnamon extract against obesity associated dysregulation of pituitary-adrenal axis

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