Obesity as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 and Complications: A Review

Demeulemeester, Fien; Punder, Karin de; Heijningen, Marloes van; Doesburg, Femke van

doi:10.3390/cells10040933

Cited by 83 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 186 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…Diabetes mellitus has been largely associated to poorer outcomes in COVID-19 patients [reviewed in ( Huang et al, 2020b )], while contradictory results have been observed in cohorts under TCZ treatment ( Moreno-Pérez et al, 2020 ; Morrison et al, 2020 ; Desai et al, 2021 ). Obesity has been related to a higher risk of death in COVID-19 patients ( Demeulemeester et al, 2021 ) and may act as a cofounder or modifier variable for this finding. Unfortunately, as we collected the information retrospectively from clinical records where obesity was not codified, we could not analyze its effect in our death risk estimation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tocilizumab in COVID-19: Factors Associated With Mortality Before and After Treatment

et al. 2021

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Tocilizumab (TCZ) has been administered in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia but the factors associated with mortality before and after treatment remain unclear. Cox regression models were used to estimate the predictors of time to death in a cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 receiving TCZ. In addition, the mean differences between discharged and deceased patients in laboratory parameters measured before and 3, 6 and 9 days after TCZ administration were estimated with weighted generalized estimation equations. The variables associated with time to death were immunosuppression (Hazard Ratio-HR 3.15; 95% confidence interval-CI 1.17, 8.51), diabetes mellitus (HR 2.63; 95% CI 1.23–5.64), age (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02–1.09), days since diagnosis until TCZ administration (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.09), and platelets (HR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.69). In the post-TCZ analysis and compared to discharged patients, deceased patients had more lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.013), troponin I (p = 0.013), C-reactive protein (p = 0.013), neutrophils (p = 0.024), and fewer platelets (p = 0.013) and lymphocytes (p = 0.013) as well as a lower average PaO2/FiO2 ratio. In conclusion, in COVID-19 diagnosed patients receiving TCZ, early treatment decreased the risk of death, while age, some comorbidities and baseline lower platelet counts increased that risk. After TCZ administration, lower platelet levels were again associated with mortality, together with other laboratory parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tocilizumab in COVID-19: Factors Associated With Mortality Before and After Treatment

et al. 2021

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“…Incorporating endurance training into the daily routine of adults affects telomerase activity and telomere length [24] and protects against excessive chromosomal damage [57]. Indeed, many studies have shown a reduction in the number of hospitalisations and the risk of death in COVID-19 patients who had been exercising [58] and were not overweight [59,60]. In addition, aging of the immune system also affects both resistance to infections and the biological age of a person [22,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceleration of Biological Aging and Underestimation of Subjective Age Are Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19

Berezina

Rybtsov

2021

Biomedicines

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In an epidemic, it is important to have methods for reliable and rapid assessment of risk groups for severe forms of the disease for their priority vaccination and for the application of preventive lockdown measures. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for severe forms of COVID-19 in adults using indicators of biological and subjective aging. Longitudinal studies evaluated the severity of the disease and the number of cases. Respondents (447) were divided into “working group” and “risk group” (retirees with chronic diseases). During the lockdown period (in mid-2020), accelerated aging was observed in the group of workers (by 3.9–8 years for men and an increase at the tendency level for women). However, the respondents began to feel subjectively younger (by 3.3–7.2 years). In the risk group, there were no deviations from the expected biopsychological aging. The number of cases at the end of 2020 was 31% in workers and 0% in the risk group. Reasonably, the risk group followed the quarantine rules more strictly by 1.5 times. In working men, indicators of relative biological and relative subjective aging (measured in both 2019 and mid-2020) significantly influenced the incidence at the end of 2020. In women, only the indicators obtained in mid-2020 had a significant impact. The relative biological aging of an individual tested in the middle of 2020 had a direct impact on the risk of infection (p < 0.05) and on the probability of death (p < 0.0001). On the contrary, an increase in the relative subjective (psychological) aging index reduced the risk of infection (at the tendency level, p = 0.06) and the risk of death (p < 0.0001). Both the risk of infection and the risk of death increased with calendar age at the tendency level. Conclusions: Indicators of individual relative biological and subjective aging affect the probability of getting COVID-19 and its severity. The combination of high indicators of biological aging and underestimated indicators of subjective aging is associated with increased chances of developing severe forms of the disease.

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“…Obesity was one of the most serious global problems defined as pandemic before COVID-19 pandemic [ 9 ]. And there is a consensus that obesity is associated with various acute or chronic diseases, and also increases risk of COVID-19 infection and complications [ 10 , 11 ]. Experts in child growth have been very concerned about the potential weight and height change among preschool children during school closures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in weight and height among Chinese preschool children during COVID-19 school closures

Wen

Zhu

2021

Int J Obes

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Background and objectives COVID-19-related school closures may increase the prevalence of childhood obesity, which has aroused public concerns. We aimed to analyze the weight and height changes in Chinese preschool children during the COVID-19-related school closures period. Methods A total of 124,603 children from multi-city kindergartens in China were included in this study. We evaluated the prevalence of overweight and obese in preschool children experienced school closures, and compared the changes in BMI, weight, and height of preschool children among COVID-19 school closures period, the same period last year and the same period the year before last. Results After the school closures, childhood obesity prevalence increased, whereas overweight prevalence decreased. During school closures, the average increase in height was about 1 cm less as compared with the same period last year and the year before last, but no noteworthy difference in the weight change was observed among the three periods. Conclusions During COVID-19 school closures, children’s height increase seemed to be more affected than weight change. Innovative, robust, and highly adaptable strategies should be taken to increase physical activity, reduce sedentary time and promote healthy diets, to minimize the adverse impact of school closures.

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Obesity as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 and Complications: A Review

Cited by 83 publications

References 186 publications

Tocilizumab in COVID-19: Factors Associated With Mortality Before and After Treatment

Tocilizumab in COVID-19: Factors Associated With Mortality Before and After Treatment

Acceleration of Biological Aging and Underestimation of Subjective Age Are Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19

Changes in weight and height among Chinese preschool children during COVID-19 school closures

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