Obesity and Psychotropics

Nihalani, Nikhil; Schwartz, Thomas L.; Siddiqui, Umar A.; Megna, James L

doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00232.x

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…This finding is in agreement with two meta-analyses which found that the duration of psychiatric illness which is a proxy for the duration of exposure to psychotropic medication is the strongest factor influencing the development of MetS [26, 31]. The longer the duration of treatment, the higher the risk for MetS since psychotropic medications cause obesity [8, 32, 33, 34, 35] through an increase in appetite for food with limited activity. Obesity leads to insulin resistance and then diabetes mellitus [36, 37], and the two conditions predispose to atherosclerosis and then HTN which are all components of MetS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Severe Mental Illness Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Uganda

Agaba

Migisha

Namayanja

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Globally, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components which are the major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, is higher among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) compared to the general population. This is mainly due to the deleterious lifestyles characterized by physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and unhealthy diets common among patients with SMI as well as due to cardiometabolic effects of psychotropic medications. Despite these conditions being highly prevalent among patients with SMI, little attention is given to these conditions during routine reviews in the mental health clinics in most low-income countries including Uganda. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of MetS among patients with SMI at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), a tertiary hospital in southwestern Uganda. Through a cross-sectional study at the mental health clinic of the hospital, we recruited 304 patients with SMI and evaluated them for MetS using the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. We defined the prevalence of MetS as the proportion of patients meeting the NCEP ATP III criteria. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between MetS and independent variables. We included a total of 302 (44.37% male, 55.63% female) patients with a diagnosis of SMI in the analysis. The prevalence of MetS was 23.51% (95% CI 18.84–28.71). At multivariable logistic regression, age >40 years and long duration of mental illness (>10 years) were significantly associated with MetS. The prevalence of MetS is high among patients with psychiatric disorders, and thus metabolic screening, especially among the high-risk groups, is critical.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Severe Mental Illness Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Uganda

Agaba

Migisha

Namayanja

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…Among the medications classified as atypical, olanzapine and clozapine may cause metabolic abnormalities [45], as well as influence weight gain [12,41,44,46,47]. In this study, we found that medication did not influence weight gain of patients throughout treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…This class of drugs may block the serotoninergic receptor 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C (5-HT2c), which plays a role in regulating appetite, which may, thus, increase energy intake. It may also block the histamine H1 receptor, which may deactivate the satiety center [43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating behavior of schizophrenic patients

et al. 2018

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Objective To assess the eating behavior, food practices, nutritional and metabolic profiles of patients with schizophrenia undergoing treatment. Methods Cross-sectional exploratory descriptive qualitative study used a semi-structured questionnaire on the eating behavior, food practices, and perception of changes after the initiation of drug therapy and a quantitative method using anthropometric and body composition measurements, metabolic parameters, and 5-day dietary records to analyze nutrient ingestion of patients with schizophrenia in an outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital (n=33). The qualitative data were analyzed and coded by three researchers and quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive exploratory statistics. Results The results of this study showed that schizophrenic patients presented high prevalence of excess weight (71.0%), metabolic syndrome (42.0%), dyslipidemia (62.0%), changes in appetite (76.0%), and increase in energy intake (74.2%), associated with important irregularities in eating behavior and food practices (such as irregularity of meals, emotional intake, high carbohydrate and fat intake, and low energy expenditure) and lifestyle (changes in social and work routines). Conclusion This eating profile may interact synergistically with psychotropic drugs to contribute to weight gain and metabolic changes in schizophrenia. Nutrition education may prevent and monitor the risk of metabolic and nutrition problems, irrespective of the medications used.

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“…Increasing evidence demonstrates that initial postnatal weeks are critical for the postnatal development of visceral afferent reflex function, such as baroreflex and cardiopulmonary reflex. Early‐life stressors that may program blood pressure control mechanisms and modify the adaptation process of cardiopulmonary reflex will definitely increase the risk of cardiovascular (hypertension) , pulmonary (COPD and asthma) , and cardiometabolic diseases (obesity and type II diabetes) in later life. The efficient and high afferent reflex gain observed in this short period after birth may play an important role in preventing or attenuating increases in cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary systems in response to pathophysiological stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%