Obesity and Co-morbid Conditions Are Associated with Specific Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) in MCI, and midlife obesity increase the likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease. It is unknown whether obesity or related health conditions modify the risk of NPS or severity of cognitive impairment in MCI.Methods: One hundred and thirteen subjects with MCI were assessed near the time of MCI diagnosis. The sample was divided by BMI and related disorders, type-2 diabetes (T2D) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to measure the relationship of these groups with NPS and severity of MCI. NPSs scores were evaluated based on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and Geriatric Depression Scale, along with NPI-Q clusters. MCI-severity was estimated based on a composite z-score of neuropsychological tests.Results: Obese and overweight subjects represented 65% of the sample and were on average 7 years younger than normal weight subjects. The presence of obesity, T2D and OSA status modified the prevalence and severity of specific NPI-Q symptom clusters, specifically affective symptoms were more frequent across groups and severe in OB and T2D. Total NPS scores were higher for subjects with T2D and OSA although MCI-severity did not differ across groups.Conclusion: MCI subjects with obesity, T2D and OSA demonstrated a higher susceptibility to psychopathologic changes.

Lactobacillus sakei Alleviates High‐Fat‐Diet‐Induced Obesity and Anxiety in Mice by Inducing AMPK Activation and SIRT1 Expression and Inhibiting Gut Microbiota‐Mediated NF‐κB Activation

“…HFD feeding induced the infiltration of the CD11b + /CD11c + cell population into the colon. OK67, PK16, or Mix treatment suppressed colon shortening (F(1,14) = 11.455, p < 0.05 in OK67; F (1,14) F(1,14) = 124.585, p < 0.05 in Mix). In order to confirm the effects of OK67 and PK on the disturbance of gut microbiota composition by HFD, we assessed mouse fecal microbiota composition by using pyrosequencing (Figure 4k-m).…”

“…HFD feeding also increased liver weight as well as TG, TC, and LPS levels in the liver, as previously reported. [33,37] However, treatment with OK67 or tOK67 suppressed HFD-induced TG (F(1,14) = 66.973, p < 0.05 in OK67; F (1,14) HFD feeding also induced colitis in mice: it increased colon shortening, myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α expression, and NF-κB activation (Figure 2a-e (Figure 2f). We also found that HFD treatment significantly increased the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria populations in the gut microbiota and gut microbiota LPS production (Figure 2g…”

“…Obesity is a known risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, anxiety/depression, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke . The main environmental factor that contributes to obesity is the excessive consumption of a high‐fat diet (HFD), which leads to abnormal accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue and the liver and causes low‐grade systemic inflammation .…”

“…Obesity is a known risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, anxiety/depression, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. [1,2] The main environmental factor that contributes to obesity is the excessive consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD), which leads to abnormal accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue and the liver and causes low-grade systemic inflammation. [2][3][4] HFD feeding accelerates the recruitment of macrophages to the adipose tissues through the secretion of adipokines such as TNF-α, resulting in the induction of adipogenesis in the adipose tissues.…”

“…). However, treatment with OK67 or tOK67 suppressed HFD-induced colon shortening (F(1,14) = 11.455, p < 0.05 in OK67; F(1,14) = 4.035, p > 0.05 in tOK67), myeloperoxidase activity (F(1,14) = 21.718, p < 0.05 in OK67; F(1,14) = 5.444, p < 0.05 in tOK67), TNF-α expression (F(1,14) = 12.913, p < 0.05 in OK67; F(1,14) = 11.459, p < 0.05 in tOK67), and NF-κB activation in the colon and induced IL-10 expression. Moreover, HFD feeding induced the infiltration of CD11b + /CD11c + cell population into the colon.…”