Obesity and breast cancer: a review of the literature

Carmichael, Amtul R.; Bates, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.breast.2003.03.001

Cited by 249 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…For example, obesity during pre-teen years (ages 5-10) is inversely related to breast cancer risk (Baer et al, 2010). On the other hand, obesity after menopause is positively related to breast cancer incidence (Bates and Carmichael, 2004;Lahmann et al, 2004;Cheraghi et al, 2012;Phipps et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2012). Although this is fairly well established, the relationship between premenopausal obesity and breast cancer risk remains less clear.…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this is fairly well established, the relationship between premenopausal obesity and breast cancer risk remains less clear. The majority of studies report that obesity, before menopause, is inversely related to premenopausal breast cancer (Carmichael and Bates, 2004;Palmer et al, 2007). However, a few studies report either no association or a positive association with breast cancer (Eng et al, 2005;Cecchini et al, 2012;Ogundiran et al, 2012).…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanics behind Breast Cancer Prevention - Focus on Obesity, Exercise and Dietary Fat

Alegre¹,

Knowles²,

Robison³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Cancer prevention is rapidly emerging as a major strategy to reduce cancer mortality. In the field of breast cancer, significant strides have recently been made in the understanding of underlying preventive mechanisms. Currently, three major strategies have been linked to an increase in breast cancer risk: obesity, lack of physical exercise, and high levels of saturated dietary fat. As a result, prevention strategies for breast cancer are usually centered on these lifestyle factors. Unfortunately, there remains controversy regarding epidemiological studies that seek to determine the benefit of these lifestyle changes. We have identified crucial mechanisms that may help clarify these conflicting studies. For example, recent reports with olive oil have demonstrated that it may influence crucial transcription factors and reduce breast tumor aggressiveness by targeting HER2. Similarly, physical exercise reduces sex hormone levels, which may help protect against breast cancer. Obesity promotes tumor cell growth and cell survival through upregulation of leptin and insulin-like growth factors. This review seeks to discuss these underlying mechanisms, and more behind the three major prevention strategies, as a means of understanding how breast cancer can be prevented.

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Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics behind Breast Cancer Prevention - Focus on Obesity, Exercise and Dietary Fat

Alegre¹,

Knowles²,

Robison³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, it has been suggested that obese women with breast cancer may receive reduced doses of adjuvant chemotherapy [37]. Higher BMI has been related to more advanced stages of breast cancer at diagnosis in terms of tumour size [38]. Obesity appears not to interfere with the efficacy of tamoxifen in women with lymph-node negative, oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer [39].…”

Section: Biological Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle changes and breast cancer prognosis: a review

Kellen

Vansant

Christiaens

et al. 2008

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…Theoretically, several factors such as familial genetic mutations, alcohol use, obesity and physical inactivity (ABCSG, 2000;Carmichael and Bates, 2004;Assi et al, 2013) (Danaei et al, 2005;Assi et al, 2013). Estrogen exposure can be endogenous (including early menarche, late menopause, late age at first childbirth) or exogenous, mainly due to OCPs or hormone replacement therapy (Organization;Zhang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%