Obesity and aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches

Santos, A. L. Q.; Sinha, Sudarson Sekhar

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101268

Cited by 89 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 528 publications

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“…More and more people are suffering from obesity, and even children under the age of 5 are also overweight [16]. Obesity is related to metabolic disorders, affecting multiple organs and systems, and is considered to be an important factor in the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, and tumors [17,18]. e fat and thinness of the human body is determined by the number and size of fat cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Apelin-13 on Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 and Its Effects on Adipocyte Apoptosis

Zhan

Wang

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. The effects of apelin-13 on the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 factors and the apoptosis of adipocytes were studied at the cellular and animal levels. Methods. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured and grouped. The third-generation cells were added to the control DMSO solvent and amidation-modified apelin-13. The expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were detected. The cell growth viability and cell apoptosis were detected. DOI model rats were established. The effects of apelin-13 on DOI rat biochemical indicators, the expression of Bcl-2, caspase-3, and cell apoptosis were investigated by injecting amidation-modified apelin-13 through the tail vein. Result. In in vitro experiments, amidation-modified apelin-13 can significantly reduce the growth viability of adipocytes and the expression of Bcl-2, increase the expression of caspase-3, and promote the apoptosis of adipocytes. Animal experiments also show that apelin-13 modified by amidation can adjust the abnormal biochemical indicators of DOI rats, decrease the expression of Bcl-2 in adipose tissue, increase the expression of caspase-3, and promote the apoptosis of adipocytes. Conclusion. Amidation of apelin-13 can promote fat cell apoptosis and reduce the incidence of obesity. The mechanism may be accomplished by inhibiting Bcl-2 and caspase-3 factors. This study helps us understand the effect of apelin-13 on fat cell apoptosis and hopes to provide a basis for the development of antiobesity drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Apelin-13 on Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 and Its Effects on Adipocyte Apoptosis

Zhan

Wang

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…Further, inflammation and DNA-methylation alterations are environmentally-sensitive hallmarks of biological aging [46][47][48] . We found that body mass index largely accounted for associations of DNAm-CRP and DunedinPoAm with mental health, which corresponds to new insights casting obesity as an inflammatory disease of accelerated biological aging 49 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Socially stratified DNA-methylation profiles are associated with disparities in child and adolescent mental health

Raffington

Tanksley

Vinnik

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Importance: Economic and racial inequality is linked to disparities in children's mental health. Biomarkers that reflect these social disparities are lacking. Objective: We examined the hypothesis that salivary DNA-methylation patterns of higher inflammation and faster pace of biological aging are economically, racially and ethnically stratified and are associated with child mental health. Design: The Texas Twin Project is an on-going, observational, longitudinal study that began in May 2012. Analyses were preregistered on May 7, 2021, and completed on August 23, 2021. Setting: The population-based study identified and recruited participants from public school rosters in the greater Austin area. Participants: Participants in the analytic data set included all participants that agreed to contribute DNA samples and whose samples were assayed by January 2021. Exposures: Family- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic inequality, racial and ethnic identities (White, Latinx, Black, Asian). Main Measure(s): Environmental exposures were analyzed in relation to salivary DNA-methylation profiles of higher inflammation (DNAm-CRP) and faster pace of biological aging (DunedinPoAm). Child internalizing problems, attention problems, aggression, rule-breaking, ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder were measured using parent-reports and self-reports on abbreviated versions of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist and Conners 3. The hypotheses being tested were formulated after data collection of the present data freeze and were pre-registered prior to analyses being conducted. Results: In a sample of N=1,183 8-to-19-year-olds (609 female, age M=13.38y), children's salivary DNA-methylation profiles and psychiatric symptoms differed by socioeconomic conditions, race and ethnicity. Children with more parent-reported internalizing symptoms had higher DNAm-CRP (r=0.15, 95% CI=0.05 to 0.25, P=0.004) and DunedinPoAm (r=0.15, CI=0.05 to 0.25, P=0.002), and children with more parent-reported aggression problems had higher DNAm-CRP (r=0.17, CI=0.04 to 0.31, P=0.013). DNAm-CRP partially mediated advantage of higher family socioeconomic status (16% of total effect) and White racial identity (12% of total effect) on reduced internalizing symptoms. DunedinPoAm also partially mediated advantage of White racial identity on internalizing (19% of total effect). Conclusions and Relevance: Socioeconomic and racial inequality are visible in children's epigenetic profiles of inflammation and the rate of biological aging in a manner that is tied to social disparities in mental health.

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“…Adipose tissue-derived substances or stimuli contribute to the widespread presence of chronic inflammation in aging directly or indirectly. Obesity, a common disease generally characterized by abnormal adipose tissue, is supposed to be a state of accelerated aging [ 24 ]. Inflammation and oxidative stress seem to be important mediators of the complicated association between obesity and the aging process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue aging: mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Zhang

Tan

et al. 2022

Cell Death Dis

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Adipose tissue, which is the crucial energy reservoir and endocrine organ for the maintenance of systemic glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, undergoes significant changes during aging. These changes cause physiological declines and age-related disease in the elderly population. Here, we review the age-related changes in adipose tissue at multiple levels and highlight the underlying mechanisms regulating the aging process. We also discuss the pathogenic pathways of age-related fat dysfunctions and their systemic negative consequences, such as dyslipidemia, chronic general inflammation, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Age-related changes in adipose tissue involve redistribution of deposits and composition, in parallel with the functional decline of adipocyte progenitors and accumulation of senescent cells. Multiple pathogenic pathways induce defective adipogenesis, inflammation, aberrant adipocytokine production, and insulin resistance, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction. Changes in gene expression and extracellular signaling molecules regulate the aging process of adipose tissue through various pathways. In addition, adipose tissue aging impacts other organs that are infiltrated by lipids, which leads to systemic inflammation, metabolic system disruption, and aging process acceleration. Moreover, studies have indicated that adipose aging is an early onset event in aging and a potential target to extend lifespan. Together, we suggest that adipose tissue plays a key role in the aging process and is a therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related disease, which deserves further study to advance relevant knowledge.

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Obesity and aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches

Cited by 89 publications

References 528 publications

Regulation of Apelin-13 on Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 and Its Effects on Adipocyte Apoptosis

Regulation of Apelin-13 on Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 and Its Effects on Adipocyte Apoptosis

Socially stratified DNA-methylation profiles are associated with disparities in child and adolescent mental health

Adipose tissue aging: mechanisms and therapeutic implications

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