Oberflächen- und Dünnschicht-Technologie

Thickness Measurement Methods for Physical Vapor Deposited Aluminum Coatings in Packaging Applications: A Review

“…If the residual energy is high enough, the atoms further diffuse on the substrate surface. Like this, single adatoms can form stable or metal stable clusters [26,27].…”

“…Generally, three models are described, which cover a variety of possible interactions between substrate and adatoms of which model in Figure 2a,c are the two extremes and Figure 2b is a combination of both [26][27][28][29]. In the model of Frank van der Merwe (Figure 2a), the cohesion between the adatoms is weaker than the binding to the substrate.…”

“…The absorption coefficient (α) in turn is linked to the frequency (ω), particle concentration (c) and extinction coefficient (K), as illustrated in Equation (27) [79].…”

“…This definition of "absorbance" does not equal the definition given at the beginning of the paragraph but is rather defined by absorption (A), scattering (S), and reflectance (R), as becomes obvious in Equation (27). Nevertheless, the optical density (OD) (Equation (27)) is derived from Equation (24) and is used to characterize the thickness of thin coatings. That means a coating having an optical density of 1, 2 or 3 lets pass 10%, 1% and 0.1% of light, respectively.…”

Plasma-Immersions-Ionenimplantation. Ein neues Verfahren zur homogenen Oberflächenmodifizierung komplex geformter medizinischer Implantate - Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation. New Technology for Homogeneous Modification of the Surface of Medical Implants of Complex Shapes

“…B. [1] Hierbei werden diverse PVD-und CVD-Verfahren sowie das Verfahren des Plasmaspritzens angewandt, um auf der Oberfläche des Implantate» eine geeignete Schicht ses und den negativ geladenen Elektronen umgeben ist. Mit einem Hochspannungsgenerator werden rechteckige, negative Hochspannungspulse ' zwischen 10 und 100 kV an das isoliert gelagerte Objekt angelegt.…”