O zmienności signifiant wyrażeń metatekstowych

Abstract

On the variability of signifiant and metatextual expressions. The case of niemniej ‘nonetheless’
 The paper discusses the individuality of the phrases niemniej, niemniej jednak, niemniej przeto, and tym niemniej (‘nonetheless’ &c.). It is suggested that niemniej jednak and niemniej przeto are compounds, because the elements niemniej, jednak, and przeto represent in them different groups of inference particles. The phrases niemniej and tym niemniej are considered to be semantically close but, against the lexicographic tradition, not identical. The range of use of the latter is significantly narrower. It is not found, for example, in the so-called confirmative contexts where niemniej occurs naturally; see *Ukazuje on światu Jezusa już nie jako fikcyjną postać z mitu ani jako abstrakcyjną formułę tradycyjnego katolicyzmu, ale jako genialnego człowieka, tym niemniej tylko człowieka ‘He shows Jesus to the world, not as a fictional, mythical character or as the abstract formula of traditional Catholicism, but as a brilliant man, yet only a man’.

Partykuły spajające jako podklasa jednostek metatekstowych

“…Tymczasem jednak, mimo pojedynczych opisów wybranych partykuł spajających (m.in. Urbańczyk 1992, Grochowski 2003, Kisiel 2013, 2014a, 2014b, 2015a, 2015b, klasa ta nie została scharakteryzowana całościowo w wyczerpujący sposób. W niniejszym tekście chciałabym zebrać to, co tymczasem o jednostkach przypisywanych do tej klasy wiadomo oraz zarysować sposób ich funkcjonowania.…”

Contrastive Analysis of Metatext. Expressing Polish "niemniej" in Bulgarian

“…Polish niemniej and tym niemniej have been described in Kisiel (2013). The first unit carries a comment informing on a speaker wanting to assure of the truthfulness of R 2 being said about T 2 because he thinks that someone, knowing that R 1 , will not think that anything like R 2 can be true (R 1 is rhematic part of the preceeding context and R 2 is a rhema commented on by the described unit).…”

“…In this case however, it is possible since even though niemniej, jednak and przeto are semantically close, they do not double each other's meanings. Niemniej is used when there is fear that our conversational partner will not think about true R 2 ; jednak carries information that a speaker thought that it can be true that R 2 even though nothing was pointing to such possibility; przeto -accordingly to its etymology -points to the fact that R 2 is a consequence of what was said before (for details see Kisiel, 2013). It is then obvious that shared semantical components do not take the same place in a semantic structure of these units, but rather are combined differently with other individual components for each unit.…”

“…As it was said before, the main difference between niemniej, tym niemniej and jednak is that by the latter a speaker gives away that even before something happened he/she had a feeling that it would happen (see frequent Jednak przyszedłeś! used when one was hoping for someone to come but did not believe it could really happen) (Kisiel, 2013). The usages of обаче registered in NCB prove it similarity to jednak, see (22) Взаимодействието и сътрудничеството между нея и гранична полиция (нейните служители обикновено първи се срещат с имигрантите и бежан-ците) е твърде слаба и съществува слаб контрол над решенията, вземани от персонала на Гранична полиция.…”