O gênero Anthidium Fabricius na América do Sul: chave para as espécies, notas descritivas e de distribuição geográfica (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Anthidiini)

Abstract

<abstract language="eng">The genus Anthidium Fabricius in the South America: key for the species, descriptive notes, and geographical distribution (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Anthidiini). The Anthidiini, in South America, is represented by a single genus Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 (type-species: Apis manicata Linnaeus, 1758). Thirty nine species are treated in this paper, as follows: Anthidium alsinai Urban, 2001; A. andinum Joergensen, 1912; A. anurospilum Moure, 1957 nom. reval. (formerly = A. espinosai Ruiz, 1938); A. atricaudum Cockerell, 1926; A. aymara Toro & Rodríguez, 1998; A. chilense Spinola, 1851; A. chubuti Cockerell, 1910; A. colliguayanum Toro & Rojas, 1970; A. cuzcoense Schrottky, 1910; A. danieli Urban, 2001; A. decaspilum Moure, 1957; A. deceptum Smith, 1879; A. edwini Ruiz, 1935; A. espinosai Ruiz, 1938; A. falsificum Moure, 1957; A. friesei Cockerell, 1911; A. funereum Schletterer, 1890; A. garleppi Schrottky, 1910 = A. matucanense Cockerell, 1914 syn. nov.; A. gayi Spinola, 1851; A. igori Urban, 2001; A. larocai Urban, 1997; A. latum Schrottky, 1902; A. luizae Urban, 2001; A. manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758); A. masunariae Urban, 2001; A. nigerrimum Schrottky, 1910; A. paitense Cockerell, 1926; A. penai Moure, 1957; A. peruvianum Schrottky, 1910; A. rafaeli Urban, 2001; A. rozeni Urban, 2001; A. rubripes Friese, 1908 = A. boliviense Friese, 1920 syn. nov. = A. adriani Ruiz, 1935 syn. nov. = A. kuscheli Moure, 1957 syn. nov.; A. sanguinicaudum Schwarz, 1933; A. sertanicola Moure & Urban, 1964; A. tarsoi Urban, 2001; A. toro Urban. 2001; A. vigintiduopunctatum Friese, 1904; A. vigintipunctatum Friese, 1908, and A. weyrauchi Schwarz, 1943. Some taxonomic comments are made for each species, and new data on geographic distribution are also given. The females of A. andinum, A. igori, A. rozeni and the male of A. anurospilum are described for the first time. Identification keys (for males and females), as well as illustrations for almost all species, are provided

Wool carder bees of the genusAnthidiumin the Western Hemisphere (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): diversity, host plant associations, phylogeny, and biogeography

“…The following species are not included in the key: Anthidium alsinai Urban, 2001, Anthidium paitense Cockerell, 1926, Anthidium igori Urban, 2001, and Anthidium rozeni Urban, 2001; the females of the first two are unknown, whereas the identity of the remaining species needs to be confirmed. Urban () described the females of A. igori and A. rozeni , each based on a specimen from Canta, Peru. The female of A. igori seems to be conspecific with Anthidium tarsoi Urban, 2001 and it should run to that species in the key (see species account).…”

“…Anthidium species in the NW are more usually found in xeric climates of temperate areas than in tropical forests; in North America most species occur in the western USA, whereas in South America many occur at mid or high elevations in the Andes. Regional revisions, Grigarick & Stange () for California and Urban (, ) for South America, exist, but no comprehensive study of the NW Anthidium has been attempted. Undoubtedly, this hinders our interpretations on the diversity and evolution of these bees.…”

Anthidium vigintiduopunctatum Friese (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): the elusive “dwarf bee” of the Galápagos Archipelago?

“…Anthidium contains nearly 200 species worldwide, more frequently found in xeric climates of temperate areas than in tropical humid forests. The native range of A. vigintiduopunctatum includes Ecuador and Peru, but there is an unconfirmed record from Mendoza, Argentina (Urban 2002). In the U. S. National Pollinating Insects Collection, Logan, UT, USA (US-NPIC), we found three specimens of A. vigintiduopunctatum that were collected between March and April of 1996 in two different ecosystems on Floreana, Galápagos Islands: humid forest (Scalesia) and arid zone forest (see Examined material below).…”

First record of the invasive bee <i>Anthidium manicatum</i> (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Chile

“…In South America this species was recorded for the first time in 1964 in several localities in northwestern, southwestern, and southern regions of Brazil (Moure & Urban, 1964apud Urban, 2002. Later, it was recorded from Argentina, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Uruguay (Silveira et al, 2002;Urban, 2002;Michener, 2007;Urban & Moure, 2007;Strange et al, 2011;Gonzalez & Griswold, 2013) (Fig. 1).…”