NW Iberian Peninsula coastal upwelling future weakening: Competition between wind intensification and surface heating

Sousa, Magda C.; Ribeiro, Américo S.; Des, M.; deCastro, M.; Dias, João Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134808

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For instance, stronger stratification by atmospheric warming may lead to upward transport of warm and already nutrient depleted waters to the surface unable to trigger conspicuous phytoplankton blooms. This scenario has been forecasted for the 21 st century within the HUE and off the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula, as increased stratification will lead to a shallower thermocline (Oyarzun and Brierley, 2018;Sousa et al, 2020). Even if meridional wind stress increases, a shallow thermocline may trap wind induced turbulence and currents, thus upwelled waters may ascend from shallower depths (Pringle 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial shifts in productivity of the coastal ocean over the past two decades induced by migration of the Pacific Anticyclone and Bakun's effect in the Humboldt Upwelling Ecosystem

Weidberg

Ospina-Álvarez

Bonicelli

et al. 2020

Global and Planetary Change

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Intensification and poleward expansion of upwelling-favourable winds have been predicted as a response to anthropogenic global climate change and have recently been documented in most Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems of the world. To identify how these processes are impacting nearshore oceanographic habitats and, especially, long-term trends of primary productivity in the Humboldt Upwelling Ecosystem (HUE), we *

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial shifts in productivity of the coastal ocean over the past two decades induced by migration of the Pacific Anticyclone and Bakun's effect in the Humboldt Upwelling Ecosystem

Weidberg

Ospina-Álvarez

Bonicelli

et al. 2020

Global and Planetary Change

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“…The river discharge for future climate for the RCP8.5 can be estimated by reducing about 11% and 21% by the mid and end-century (Table 3) in this region, respectively (https: //hypeweb.smhi.se/explore-water/climate-impacts/europe-climate-impacts/, accessed on 27 February 2021). Hence, this reduction was considered similar to previous studies [47] for the near and far future periods.…”

Section: River Dischargementioning

confidence: 82%

Flooding Conditions at Aveiro Port (Portugal) within the Framework of Projected Climate Change

Ribeiro

Lopes

Sousa

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Ports constitute a significant influence in the economic activity in coastal areas through operations and infrastructures to facilitate land and maritime transport of cargo. Ports are located in a multi-dimensional environment facing ocean and river hazards. Higher warming scenarios indicate Europe’s ports will be exposed to higher risk due to the increase in extreme sea levels (ESL), a combination of the mean sea level, tide, and storm surge. Located on the west Iberia Peninsula, the Aveiro Port is located in a coastal lagoon exposed to ocean and river flows, contributing to higher flood risk. This study aims to assess the flood extent for Aveiro Port for historical (1979–2005), near future (2026–2045), and far future (2081–2099) periods scenarios considering different return periods (10, 25, and 100-year) for the flood drivers, through numerical simulations of the ESL, wave regime, and riverine flows simultaneously. Spatial maps considering the flood extent and calculated area show that most of the port infrastructures' resilience to flooding is found under the historical period, with some marginal floods. Under climate change impacts, the port flood extent gradually increases for higher return periods, where most of the terminals are at high risk of being flooded for the far-future period, whose contribution is primarily due to mean sea-level rise and storm surges.

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“…Former researches have investigated changes on UPW trends worldwide, reporting contradictory results that are highly dependent on the region and season selected and the characteristics of the dataset used [77][78][79]. With a focus on the NW Iberian system, recent studies have hypothesized that coastal UPW will be not as effective in the future, regardless of the tendency for an intensification of both the Azores High and UPW-favorable winds [80]. The UPW imprint is expected to be less intense during the ongoing century due to the sea surface warming and the enhanced thermal stratification of the water column that might inhibit nutrients exchange through vertical mixing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Summer Upwelling and Downwelling Events in NW Spain: A Model-Observations Approach

Lorente¹,

Piedracoba

Montero

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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Upwelling and downwelling processes play a critical role in the connectivity between offshore waters and coastal ecosystems, having relevant implications in terms of intense biogeochemical activity and global fisheries production. A variety of in situ and remote-sensing networks were used in concert with the Iberia–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) circulation forecast system, in order to investigate two persistent upwelling and downwelling events that occurred in the Northwestern (NW) Iberian coastal system during summer 2014. Special emphasis was placed on quality-controlled surface currents provided by a high-frequency radar (HFR), since this land-based technology can effectively monitor the upper layer flow over broad coastal areas in near-real time. The low-frequency spatiotemporal response of the ocean was explored in terms of wind-induced currents’ structures and immediacy of reaction. Mean kinetic energy, divergence and vorticity maps were also calculated for upwelling and downwelling favorable events, in order to verify HFR and IBI capabilities, to accurately resolve the prevailing surface circulation features, such as the locus of a persistent upwelling maximum in the vicinity of Cape Finisterre. This integrated approach proved to be well-founded to efficiently portray the three-dimensional characteristics of the NW Iberian coastal upwelling system regardless of few shortcomings detected in IBI performance, such as the misrepresentation of the most energetic surface dynamics or the overestimation of the cooling and warming associated with upwelling and downwelling conditions, respectively. Finally, the variability of the NW Iberian upwelling system was characterized by means of the development of a novel ocean-based coastal upwelling index (UI), constructed from HFR-derived hourly surface current observations (UIHFR). The proposed UIHFR was validated against two traditional UIs for 2014, to assess its credibility. Results suggest that UIHFR was able to adequately categorize and characterize a wealth of summer upwelling and downwelling events of diverse length and strength, paving the way for future investigations of the subsequent biophysical implications.

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NW Iberian Peninsula coastal upwelling future weakening: Competition between wind intensification and surface heating

Cited by 49 publications

References 51 publications

Spatial shifts in productivity of the coastal ocean over the past two decades induced by migration of the Pacific Anticyclone and Bakun's effect in the Humboldt Upwelling Ecosystem

Spatial shifts in productivity of the coastal ocean over the past two decades induced by migration of the Pacific Anticyclone and Bakun's effect in the Humboldt Upwelling Ecosystem

Flooding Conditions at Aveiro Port (Portugal) within the Framework of Projected Climate Change

Comparative Analysis of Summer Upwelling and Downwelling Events in NW Spain: A Model-Observations Approach

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