Nuts and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Coates, Alison M.; Hill, Alan R.; Tan, Sze‐Yen

doi:10.1007/s11883-018-0749-3

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…In fact, the ability to lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels is probably one of the best-known properties of nuts, as was demonstrated by a pooled analysis of 25 intervention trials, 61 and more recently in one meta-analysis of 61 randomized controlled trials 62 . Other possible mechanisms include a reduction in circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines (especially C-reactive protein), the modulation of nitric oxide production, an improvement in endothelial function, and a reduction in oxidative stress 63 , 64 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nut consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

et al. 2019

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Context Previous meta-analyses evaluating the association between nut consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) had substantial methodological limitations and lacked recently published large prospective studies; hence, making an updated meta-analysis highly desirable. Objective To update the clinical guidelines for nutrition therapy in relation to the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to summarize the evidence of the association between total nuts, specific types of nuts, and the incidence of, and mortality from, CVD outcomes. Data sources Relevant articles were identified by searching the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Data extraction Two independent researchers screened the articles to identify those that met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis The inverse variance method with fixed-effect or random-effects models was used to pool data across studies (expressed as risk ratio [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Heterogeneity was tested and quantified using the Cochrane Q test and I2-statistic, respectively. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Results Nineteen studies were included in the analyses. The results revealed an inverse association between total nut consumption (comparing highest vs lowest categories) and CVD incidence (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.800.91; I2, 0%), CVD mortality (RR, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.72–0.82; I2, 3%), coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence (RR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.69–0.96; I2, 74%), CHD mortality (RR, 0.76; 95%CI, 0.67–0.86; I2, 46%), stroke mortality (RR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.75–0.93; I2, 0%), and atrial fibrillation (RR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.73–0.99; I2, 0%). No association was observed with stroke incidence and heart failure. The certainty of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a beneficial role of nut consumption in reducing the incidence of, and mortality from, different CVD outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nut consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

et al. 2019

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“…Consistent with other studies, our meta-analysis shows that nut consumption reduces the likelihood of NAFLD. A study with 12 946 participants indicated that nut consumption was positively associated with healthier nutrition and lifestyle (64) ; another study displayed that risk factors associated with NAFLD and CVD were improved after regular nut consumption (65) .…”

Section: Food Groups and Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Food groups and the likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Guo

et al. 2020

Br J Nutr

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“…In addition to their high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), phytochemicals, dietary fibers, magnesium, L-arginine, and antioxidants compose these foods. Together, these nutrients act by modulating the intestinal microbiota [20,21] and are precursors of a series of metabolites [22,23]. In addition, nut consumption is inversely associated with the incidence of CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, as also with CVD mortality, CAD mortality, and stroke mortality [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipokines and Adipose Tissue-Related Metabolites, Nuts and Cardiovascular Disease

Weschenfelder¹,

Quadros²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

Metabolites

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Adipose tissue is a complex structure responsible for fat storage and releasing polypeptides (adipokines) and metabolites, with systemic actions including body weight balance, appetite regulation, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure control. Signals sent from different tissues are generated and integrated in adipose tissue; thus, there is a close connection between this endocrine organ and different organs and systems such as the gut and the cardiovascular system. It is known that functional foods, especially different nuts, may be related to a net of molecular mechanisms contributing to cardiometabolic health. Despite being energy-dense foods, nut consumption has been associated with no weight gain, weight loss, and lower risk of becoming overweight or obese. Several studies have reported beneficial effects after nut consumption on glucose control, appetite suppression, metabolites related to adipose tissue and gut microbiota, and on adipokines due to their fatty acid profile, vegetable proteins, l-arginine, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and phytosterols. The aim of this review is to briefly describe possible mechanisms implicated in weight homeostasis related to different nuts, as well as studies that have evaluated the effects of nut consumption on adipokines and metabolites related to adipose tissue and gut microbiota in animal models, healthy individuals, and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.

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Nuts and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Cited by 44 publications

References 100 publications

Nut consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Nut consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Food groups and the likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Adipokines and Adipose Tissue-Related Metabolites, Nuts and Cardiovascular Disease

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