Nutritional Strategies to Alleviate Heat Stress in Dairy Animals - A Review

Pawar, Mahesh; Srivastava, Amit Kumar; Chauhan, H.D.; Damor, Sanjaykumar

doi:10.5455/ijlr.20170425045104

Int. J. Livest. Res.

2018

DOI: 10.5455/ijlr.20170425045104

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Nutritional Strategies to Alleviate Heat Stress in Dairy Animals - A Review

Mahesh Pawar¹,

Amit Kumar Srivastava²,

H.D. Chauhan³

et al.

Abstract: Abstract

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…Other reviews have focused on describing but not quantifying heat energy transfer rates. 1,2 The movement of heat (energy) follows the laws of thermodynamics. Energy movement into/out of the body of cattle will be quantified where possible to aid in the understanding of the magnitude of impacts and the potential effectiveness of interventions that help cattle to maintain thermal homeostasis (homeothermy).…”

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A review of thermal stress in cattle

Shephard,

Maloney

2023

Aust Veterinary J

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Cattle control body temperature in a narrow range over varying climatic conditions. Endogenous body heat is generated by metabolism, digestion and activity. Radiation is the primary external source of heat transfer into the body of cattle. Cattle homeothermy uses behavioural and physiological controls to manage radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporative exchange of heat between the body and the environment, noting that evaporative mechanisms almost exclusively transfer body heat to the environment. Cattle control radiation by shade seeking (hot) and shelter (cold) and by huddling or standing further apart, noting there are intrinsic breed and age differences in radiative transfer potential. The temperature gradient between the skin and the external environment and wind speed (convection) determines heat transfer by these means. Cattle control these mechanisms by managing blood flow to the periphery (physiology), by shelter‐seeking and standing/lying activity in the short term (behaviourally) and by modifying their coats and adjusting their metabolic rates in the longer term (acclimatisation). Evaporative heat loss in cattle is primarily from sweating, with some respiratory contribution, and is the primary mechanism for dissipating excess heat when environmental temperatures exceed skin temperature (~36°C). Cattle tend to be better adapted to cooler rather than hotter external conditions, with Bos indicus breeds more adapted to hotter conditions than Bos taurus. Management can minimise the risk of thermal stress by ensuring appropriate breeds of suitably acclimatised cattle, at appropriate stocking densities, fed appropriate diets (and water), and with access to suitable shelter and ventilation are better suited to their expected farm environment.

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“…Our focus is on management interventions that reduce the risk of adverse changes in body temperature. Other reviews have focused on describing but not quantifying heat energy transfer rates 1,2 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of thermal stress in cattle

Shephard,

Maloney

2023

Aust Veterinary J

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“…Sanchez and Beede (1991) coined the term DCAD which is a way to balance the electrical charge of the cations and anions in the diet. Positive DCAD based diets can be a useful strategy during thermal stress to increase DMI and resultant positive influence on the growth (Pawar et al 2016). High DCAD diets not only proved to increase DMI, growth and production, but are also useful in mitigating the effects of summer stress (Sarwar et al 2011).…”

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Effect of dietary cation anion difference based diet on nutrient intake, acid base status and growth performance of crossbred calves in summer months

Suman

KAUR

Phondba

2019

Indian J of Anim Sci

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The present study was undertaken used to determine the effect of positive dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) based diet on nutrient intake and growth of crossbred calves in summer. Female crossbred calves (18) were blocked into three equal groups on the basis of their average body weight. The calves received a basal diet (control) or one supplemented with either +250 (S1) or +350 mEq/kg DM (S2) of dietary cation anion difference based diet. The dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly higher in S1 and S2 groups as compared to control. There was no effect of dietary treatments on digestibility of nutrients. The overall average daily gain (ADG) was significantly higher in S2 group as compared to control. Nitrogen intake, balance and urine pH increased significantly with increasing level of DCAD in diet. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intakes were significantly higher in treatment groups as compared to control group. However, Na and K balance were significantly higher in S2 group as compared to control. Intake and balance of Cl (chloride), S (sulphur), Ca (calcium) and P (phosphorus) were not affected by positive DCAD diet. Positive DCAD diets of +250 and +350 mEq/kg DM improved the nutrient intake and growth of crossbred calves by ameliorating climatic stress.

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Nutritional Strategies to Alleviate Heat Stress in Dairy Animals - A Review

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

A review of thermal stress in cattle

A review of thermal stress in cattle

Effect of dietary cation anion difference based diet on nutrient intake, acid base status and growth performance of crossbred calves in summer months

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