The present study was undertaken used to determine the effect of positive dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) based diet on nutrient intake and growth of crossbred calves in summer. Female crossbred calves (18) were blocked into three equal groups on the basis of their average body weight. The calves received a basal diet (control) or one supplemented with either +250 (S1) or +350 mEq/kg DM (S2) of dietary cation anion difference based diet. The dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly higher in S1 and S2 groups as compared to control. There was no effect of dietary treatments on digestibility of nutrients. The overall average daily gain (ADG) was significantly higher in S2 group as compared to control. Nitrogen intake, balance and urine pH increased significantly with increasing level of DCAD in diet. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intakes were significantly higher in treatment groups as compared to control group. However, Na and K balance were significantly higher in S2 group as compared to control. Intake and balance of Cl (chloride), S (sulphur), Ca (calcium) and P (phosphorus) were not affected by positive DCAD diet. Positive DCAD diets of +250 and +350 mEq/kg DM improved the nutrient intake and growth of crossbred calves by ameliorating climatic stress.
This study was conducted to evaluate effect of cadmium (Cd) on lymphocyte proliferation and mRNA expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and to determine whether zinc (Zn) treatment in Cd-exposed lymphocytes can modulate lymphocyte proliferation and SOD expression. Blood samples were collected from crossbred transition dairy cow at –30, –15, 0, 15 and 30 days of calving and evaluated for lymphocytes proliferation and SOD expression. Isolated lymphocytes were cultured with 10–3, 10–4, 10–5 and 10–6 molar (M) levels of Cd for 72 h. Adverse effect of transitional stress and Cd on lymphocyte proliferation and mRNA SOD expression was counteracted by 50, 55 and 60 micromolar (µM) Zn. Mitogenic response of lymphocyte and mRNA expression of SOD reduced as the days of parturition advanced. Lymphocyte proliferation and mRNA SOD expression showed negative correlation with Cd levels. Treatment of Zn in the Cd-exposed lymphocyte culture improved lymphocyte proliferation and relative abundance of SOD mRNA expression. In summary, Zn can ameliorate adverse effect of transitional stress and Cd on lymphocyte proliferation and SOD expression in dairy cows.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether copper (Cu) treatment in lead (Pb)-exposed lymphocytes can modulate their proliferation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression. Blood samples were collected from advanced pregnant crossbred dairy cows at –30, –15, 0, 15, and 30 days of calving and evaluated for lymphocytes proliferation and mRNA expression of SOD. A fixed number of lymphocytes (2×106) were cultured for 72 h with 10–4, 10–5, and 10–6 molar (M) levels of Pb. Pb-exposed lymphocytes were treated with 30, 35 and 40 micro molar (µM) Cu. Mitogenic response of lymphocytes and mRNA expression of SOD reduced as the days of parturition advanced and were noted to be lowest at the day of calving. Reduced mitogenic response of lymphocytes and mRNA expression of SOD was reported in Pb-treated groups as compared to control. Addition of Cu in the Pb- exposed lymphocytes culture improved lymphocytes proliferation and relative mRNA SOD expression. Lymphocytes proliferation and relative mRNA SOD expression was reported highest in 40 µM Cu-treated groups. These results indicated that Cu can ameliorate the adverse effects of Pb on lymphocytes proliferation and SOD expression in periparturient dairy cows.
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