Nutritional status of free‐ranging Mexican howler monkeys (<i>Alouatta palliata mexicana</i>) in Veracruz, Mexico: Serum chemistry; lipoprotein profile; vitamins D, A, and E; carotenoids; and minerals

Crissey, Susan D.; Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos; Meehan, Tom; Slifka, Kerri A.; Bowen, Phyllis E.; Stacewicz‐Sapuntzakis, Maria; Holick, Michael F.; Chen, Thomas; Mathieu, Jeffrey S.; Meerdink, Gavin L.

doi:10.1002/zoo.10078

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…All mineral concentrations appeared to be similar to those of free-ranging Mexican mantled howlers (Crissey et al 2003) and captive black howlers (Crissey et al unpublished). Calcium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc are within normal concentrations of captive primates (Kaneko 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol concentrations are similar to those of free-ranging Mexican mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata mexicana) and other captive NWPs (Crissey et al 1999(Crissey et al , 2003. Captive apes have significantly higher cholesterol concentrations than those of their free-ranging counterparts, which may be affecting their cardiovascular health (Schmidt et al 2006), but appears not to be a problem with captive howlers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Most of the carotenoids we measured are at concentrations 1.5-28 times higher than those of free-ranging Mexican mantled howlers (Crissey et al 2003) and 2-80 times higher than captive NWP concentrations (Crissey et al 1999, unpublished). Some carotenoids are precursors to vitamin A, while others function as antioxidants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…They are not only dramatically higher at 14 times the concentrations measured in captive NWPs (Adams et al 1985;Crissey et al 1999, unpublished), but also ca. 3.5 times higher than those in free-ranging Mexican mantled howlers (Crissey et al 2003) and freeranging cotton-top tamarins (Power et al 1997). Nutritionally complete feeds manufactured for NWPs can have 2-4 times the concentration of vitamin D, depending on the manufacturer, than other primate feeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Serum Nutritional Profiles of Free-Ranging Alouatta Caraya in Northern Argentina: Lipoproteins; Amino Acids; Vitamins A, D, and E; Carotenoids; and Minerals

et al. 2007

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Quantifying circulating nutrient concentrations in sera of free-ranging subjects will help to establish a basis from which we can evaluate the nutritional status and needs of the captive population. We collected serum samples from 26 free-ranging black-and-gold howlers (Alouatta caraya) in San Cayetano forest in northern Argentina. We analyzed them for concentrations of lipoproteins; amino Int J Primatol (acids; vitamins A, D, and E; carotenoids; and minerals. There are a few significant differences between sexes in concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, certain amino acids, vitamin E, lutein + zeaxanthin, and copper. Most nutritional parameters are similar to the ones measured in free-ranging Mexican mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata mexicana) and in captive New World primates (NWPs). Carotenoid, vitamin D, and phosphorus concentrations are the exceptions. Carotenoid concentrations are higher in free-ranging Alouatta caraya than reported for other free-ranging and captive species. Vitamin D concentrations are 14 times greater in the free-ranging black-and-gold howlers than in captive NWPs. Phosphorus concentrations are also higher than expected and higher than typically occur in captive primates, leading to a 1:1.6 calcium:phosphorus ratio. Because we based our study on a small number of free-ranging howlers, additional samples from different regions and throughout the year would better define desirable nutritional parameters for captive howlers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Serum Nutritional Profiles of Free-Ranging Alouatta Caraya in Northern Argentina: Lipoproteins; Amino Acids; Vitamins A, D, and E; Carotenoids; and Minerals

et al. 2007

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“…These pressures can modify the population structure and we are expecting that probably in few years it will affect directly their behavioral and ecological responses in this transformed habitat. In addition, finally, additional factors that may influence the conservation status of A. pigra in this fragmented landscape, such as the genetic health of the population, risk of infectious diseases, and high parasite loads, and the potential negative effects of environmental toxins such as pesticides and agrochemicals [Crissey et al, 2003] should be evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of the habitat and population of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in Balancán, Tabasco, Mexico

Pozo-Montuy

Serio-Silva

Bonilla-Sánchez

et al. 2008

American J Primatol

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We evaluated the habitat and populations of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in the municipality of Balancán, Tabasco, southeastern Mexico, using a combination of field surveys and remotely sensed data. We identified 21,937 ha of remnant vegetation composed of 1,348 fragments. Fragments separated by up to 200 m were grouped into "clusters" of fragments in accordance with the maximum observed open distance crossed by A. pigra. A total of 11% or 84 of the 772 clusters identified through remote sensing were selected at random, and for these we determined the vegetation type, canopy height, area, and distance to the closest human settlement. In these same 84 clusters, which included a total area of 9,817 ha, from October to June of 2006 we located a total of 1,064 black howler monkeys, including 228 troops and 49 solitary monkeys. A. pigra was found in 62 (74.7%) of all clusters visited, with a cumulative area of 6,032 ha. Troops varied in size from 2 to 15 individuals (average 6.0+/-2.9 ind/troop). Adults were 67% (n=716) of detected individuals, whereas juveniles were 20.5% (n=218) and infants were 12.5% (n=133). We found black howlers to occur at an ecological density of 10.8 ind/km(2), which is low in comparison with A. pigra in other fragmented and conserved sites. We found a statistically significant relationship between the area of clusters and the abundance of howler monkeys (r(2)=0.2, F=10.47, gl=3, P=0.002). In addition, the probability of finding A. pigra was greater in secondary vegetation, riparian vegetation, tropical dry forest, undisturbed tropical oak forest, and palm forest (F=12, gl=3, P<0.0001), as compared with disturbed tropical oak forest. Our results provide data on the distribution, abundance, and population structure of black howler monkeys in a fragmented landscape in the southeast of Mexico. These data are a necessary prerequisite for conservation planning for this species.

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Serum chemistry concentrations of captive woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha)

et al. 2008

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Woolly monkeys (Lagothrix sp.) are threatened species and numerous zoos have failed to sustain successful populations. The most common causes of death in captive woolly monkeys are related to pregnancy and hypertension. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate serum concentrations of a large number of captive woolly monkeys to establish baseline means and compare these concentrations with their closest related species to determine potential abnormalities. Serum analyses from 30 woolly monkeys housed at two institutions (Apenheul, The Netherlands and The Louisville Zoo, KY, USA) over 12 yr were collected. The statistical model included gender, age group (young, 0-4 yr of age; middle, 5-9 yr; and old, 10+ yr), and zoological institution. All panel result means were similar to previously reported concentrations for howler (Alouatta sp.) and spider monkeys (Ateles sp.) with the possible exception of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase being higher, whereas creatinine and phosphorus were lower. The serum glucose mean of 6.7 mmol/L is above the baseline range for humans and spider monkeys. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase, and sodium (Na) were higher in females and magnesium (Mg) was higher in males (P<0.05). ALP, Mg, and phosphorus were highest (P<0.05) and calcium and sodium tended to be highest (P<0.10) in the oldest animals. Ferritin tended to be highest (P<0.10) in the oldest animals. Albumin, ALP, chloride, Na, and total bilirubin were higher for Zoo A, whereas gamma-glutamyl-transferase, glucose, and lactate dehydrogenase were lower for Zoo A (P<0.05). Areas of potential woolly monkey health risk were noted and discussed. Future studies are needed to determine free-ranging serum concentrations to elucidate parameters that contain aberrant concentrations and decrease health status.

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Nutritional status of free‐ranging Mexican howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana) in Veracruz, Mexico: Serum chemistry; lipoprotein profile; vitamins D, A, and E; carotenoids; and minerals

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Serum Nutritional Profiles of Free-Ranging Alouatta Caraya in Northern Argentina: Lipoproteins; Amino Acids; Vitamins A, D, and E; Carotenoids; and Minerals

Serum Nutritional Profiles of Free-Ranging Alouatta Caraya in Northern Argentina: Lipoproteins; Amino Acids; Vitamins A, D, and E; Carotenoids; and Minerals

Current status of the habitat and population of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in Balancán, Tabasco, Mexico

Serum chemistry concentrations of captive woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha)

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