Nutritional Status in Intensive Care Unit: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Abstract

It is important to consider the nutritional status of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) since it is a key element in the ability to overcome and survive critical illnesses and clinical outcomes. The aim of the present study was to provide a meta-analysis and systematic overview in determining the nutritional status of patients in ICU by examining other studies. All studies published during 2015-2019 on nutritional status in ICU were retrieved from Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Finally, 23 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Results obtained from these studies showed that the nutritional status of patients in ICU was inappropriate (the pooled proportion of malnutrition was 0.51 in the type of study stratified), in which many patients in this unit had different degrees of malnutrition (moderate-mild malnourished and severe malnutrition is 0.46 and 20%, respectively). According to the results of this study, the nutritional status of patients in ICU was unsatisfactory; hence, it is necessary to consider the nutritional status along with other therapeutic measures at the beginning of the patient’s admission.[GMJ.2020;9:e1678]

Impact of malnutrition on the outcome of critically-ill children: A comprehensive narrative review

“…These are specially designed systems that are critical for the assessment of nutritional status. Timely detection of these data helps to engage the nutritional intervention that will impact the clinical outcomes in the children admitted to the PICU [10].…”

Aplicaciones médico-nutricionales de la impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) en el paciente críticamente enfermo: una revisión narrativa

“…La respuesta metabólica a la enfermedad crítica, especialmente en su fase aguda (flow), se caracteriza por el incremento del gasto cardíaco, consumo de oxígeno y aumento de las demandas metabólicas, con la consecuente oxidación de fuentes energéticas como carbohidratos, aminoácidos y ácidos grasos (19,20) . Este incremento de las demandas de energía y nutrientes, sumado a la inanición y la inmovilidad del paciente crítico, puede conducir a pérdida de masa libre de grasa y condicionar la aparición de desnutrición, cuya prevalencia en la UCI oscila entre el 38 % y el 78 % (21) , y afecta principalmente a países en vías de desarrollo (22) .…”

“…El estado nutricional está relacionado con la capacidad de respuesta del organismo a la enfermedad crítica y, por ende, con la supervivencia y otros desenlaces clínicos; estudios demuestran que la desnutrición es un factor pronóstico que incide en mayores tasas de mortalidad y complicaciones infecciosas, así como en aumento de la estancia en UCI y la duración de la ventilación mecánica (22,23) . Por consiguiente, se hace indispensable la monitorización objetiva del estado nutricional y la composición corporal en pacientes críticamente enfermos, por métodos fiables y reproducibles como la bioimpedancia (24) .…”

Nutritional response and clinical complications in patients with post-pyloric and gastric enteral tubes

“…ENT consists in administering nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract using a tube, probes, or ostomies located in the digestive tract. ENT should be the first option of treatment for patients with nutritional risk or those already malnourished [10][11][12].…”