Nutritional significance and promising therapeutic/medicinal application of camel milk as a functional food in human and animals: a comprehensive review

Arain, Muhammad Asif; Khaskheli, Gul Bahar; Shah, Atta Hussain; Marghazani, Illahi Bakhsh; Barham, Ghulam Shabir; Shah, Qurban Ali; Khand, Faiz Muhammad; Buzdar, Jameel Ahmed; Soomro, Feroza; Fazlani, Sarfraz Ali

doi:10.1080/10495398.2022.2059490

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…CM is a natural endowment that is gifted with very beneficial effects on human health by maintaining the appropriate functionality of the gastrointestinal mucosa and toning the inflammatory mediators in the gut [ 12 ]. CM has demonstrated a unique composition by being rich in essential contents for the growth of PBTs and helping them to produce a plethora of biologically active metabolites [ 13 ]. Moreover, fresh CM has alleviated the pro-inflammatory and necrotic mediators at the level of the gut [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, fresh CM has alleviated the pro-inflammatory and necrotic mediators at the level of the gut [ 14 ]. Fermented CM is presumed to have exceptional nutraceutical and immunomodulatory characteristics due to the presence of a significant diversity of bioactive metabolites, including beneficial health-promoting peptides and bacteria, when compared with fresh CM [ 13 , 15 ]. MS is a complex neurological syndrome leading to inflammation as well as demyelination of the central nervous system, accompanied by different levels of injury to neurons [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probiotic-Fermented Camel Milk Attenuates Neurodegenerative Symptoms via SOX5/miR-218 Axis Orchestration in Mouse Models

et al. 2023

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Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune-mediated myelin damage disorder in the central nervous system that is widespread among neurological patients. It has been demonstrated that several genetic and epigenetic factors control autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, through CD4+ T-cell population quantity. Alterations in the gut microbiota influence neuroprotectiveness via unexplored mechanisms. In this study, the ameliorative effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermented in camel milk (BEY) on an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative model using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein/complete fraud adjuvant/pertussis toxin (MCP)-immunized C57BL6j mice is investigated. Anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed in the in vitro cell model, and inflammatory cytokines interleukins IL17 (from EAE 311 to BEY 227 pg/mL), IL6 (from EAE 103 to BEY 65 pg/mL), IFNγ (from EAE 423 to BEY 243 pg/mL) and TGFβ (from EAE 74 to BEY 133 pg/mL) were significantly reduced in BEY-treated mice. The epigenetic factor miR-218-5P was identified and confirmed its mRNA target SOX-5 using in silico tools and expression techniques, suggesting SOX5/miR-218-5p could serve as an exclusive diagnostic marker for MS. Furthermore, BEY improved the short-chain fatty acids, in particular butyrate (from 0.57 to 0.85 µM) and caproic (from 0.64 to 1.33 µM) acids, in the MCP mouse group. BEY treatment significantly regulated the expression of inflammatory transcripts in EAE mice and upregulated neuroprotective markers such as neurexin (from 0.65- to 1.22-fold) (p < 0.05), vascular endothelial adhesion molecules (from 0.41- to 0.76-fold) and myelin-binding protein (from 0.46- to 0.89-fold) (p < 0.03). These findings suggest that BEY could be a promising clinical approach for the curative treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and could promote the use of probiotic food as medicine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic-Fermented Camel Milk Attenuates Neurodegenerative Symptoms via SOX5/miR-218 Axis Orchestration in Mouse Models

et al. 2023

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“…Since prehistoric time milk has played an important role in the diet of human to fulfill the nutritional requirement and maintain the health of consumer. Milk and milk-derived products are the excellent source of high-quality protein, carbohydrate, fat, minerals and vitamins and also serve as an important source of essential micronutrient, bioactive compounds, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and immune-boosting substances ( Arain et al, 2022 ). Camel milk (CM) serve as an important source of nutrition and contributes to the food security for the survival of human population belongs to the arid and semi-arid areas of Africa, Asia and Arabian deserts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Processing Opportunities for the Development of Camel Dairy Products

Arain¹,

Rasheed²,

Jaweria³

et al. 2023

Food Sci Anim Resour

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Camel milk has a significant and pivotal role in the diet of people residing in semi-arid and arid regions. Ever since ancient times, marketing of camel milk has remained insignificant due to nonexistence of processing amenities in the camel nurturing areas, hence the utilization of unprocessed camel milk has continuously remained limited at family level by the nomads. Due to the superior medicinal values and health promoting effects, incredible growth in the demand of camel milk and dairy products have been noticed all over the world during last two decades. Such emergence has led dairy industry to provide diversified camel dairy products to the consumers with superior nutritional and functional qualities. In contrast to bovine, very few food products derived from camel milk are available in the present market. With the advancements in food processing interventions, a wide range of dairy and non-dairy products could be obtained from camel milk, including milk powder, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, and even chocolate. In some regions, camel milk is used for traditional dishes such as fermented milk, camel milk tea, or as a base for soups and stews. Current review highlights the processing opportunities regarding the transformation of camel milk into various dairy product via decreasing the inherent functionality that could be achieved by optimization of processing conditions and alteration of chemical composition by using fortification method. Additionally, future research directions could be devised to improve the product quality.

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“…Evidence has shown that CM is used for therapeutic benefits against various diseases and conditions [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. To this end, CM has been reported to provide therapeutic benefits against various pathophysiological conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, inflammatory and allergic responses as discussed in subsequent sections [ 1 , 7 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, CM has been used for its therapeutic benefits against various other diseases, including jaundice, asthma, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, autism and dropsy in various parts of the world [ 4 , 26 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective

Khan

Ansari

Uddin

et al. 2022

Life

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Camel milk (CM) constitutes an important dietary source in the hot and arid regions of the world. CM is a colloidal mixture of nutritional components (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and minerals) and non-nutritional components (hormones, growth factors, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and exosomes). Although the majority of previous research has been focused on the nutritional components of CM; there has been immense interest in the non-nutritional components in the recent past. Reckoning with these, in this review, we have provided a glimpse of the recent trends in CM research endeavors and attempted to provide our perspective on the therapeutic efficacy of the nutritional and non-nutritional components of CM. Interestingly, with concerted efforts from the research fraternities, convincing evidence for the better understanding of the claimed traditional health benefits of CM can be foreseen with great enthusiasm and is indeed eagerly anticipated.

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Nutritional significance and promising therapeutic/medicinal application of camel milk as a functional food in human and animals: a comprehensive review

Cited by 14 publications

References 126 publications

Probiotic-Fermented Camel Milk Attenuates Neurodegenerative Symptoms via SOX5/miR-218 Axis Orchestration in Mouse Models

Probiotic-Fermented Camel Milk Attenuates Neurodegenerative Symptoms via SOX5/miR-218 Axis Orchestration in Mouse Models

A Review on Processing Opportunities for the Development of Camel Dairy Products

Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective

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