Nutritional rickets in young Nigerian children in the Sahel Savanna

Summaryobjectives To determine whether (i) supplementation of oral 100 000 iu of vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) along with antibiotics will reduce the duration of illness in children with pneumonia; (ii) supplementation will reduce the risk of repeat episodes.methods Double-blind individually randomised placebo-controlled trial in an inner-city hospital in Kabul, of 453 children aged 1-36 months, diagnosed with non-severe or severe pneumonia at the outpatient clinic. Children with rickets, other concurrent severe diseases, very severe pneumonia or wheeze, were excluded. Children were given vitamin D 3 or placebo drops additional to routine pneumonia treatment. conclusion A single high-dose oral vitamin D 3 supplementation to young children along with antibiotic treatment for pneumonia could reduce the occurrence of repeat episodes of pneumonia.

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“…1984; Garabedian & Ben‐Mekhbi 1991; Ghai & Koul 1991; Zhao 1991; Ozgur et al. 1996; Akpede et al. 2001; Kutluk et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vitamin D supplementation to children diagnosed with pneumonia in Kabul: a randomised controlled trial

Manaseki‐Holland¹,

Qader²,

Masher

et al. 2010

Tropical Medicine &Amp; International Health

150

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“…Therefore such countries have only source of gaining vitamin D from their nutrition. Places which are deficient in vitamin D and calcium nourishing food are hit at the highest with nutritional rickets 4,5 . Children suffering from nutritional rickets required supplementation of vitamin D as well as calcium mineral for their health betterment and treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Nutritional Status for Identifying Nutritional Rickets in Children Less Than Five Years of Age

Khan¹,

Zahid²,

Anwar³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

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Aim: To assess the nutritional status for identifying nutritional rickets in children less than five years of age. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine Paediatrics, Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital Lahore from 1st April 2021 30th September 2021. Methodology: Sixty children suffering from rickets were enrolled. Blood sample 3cc was taken from each child and serum was separated by centrifugation. The serum was stored at -20°C until analysis. Biochemical tests including 25-OH vitamin D3, serum calcium and alanine phosphatase were done. The radiological imaging (X-ray) pictures completely demonstrated the rickets status. Demographical information, age, body mass index of each child was documented on a well-structured questionnaire. Food frequency charts related to vitamin D rich foods as well as calcium rich diet was used for assessing the nutritional status of children. Results: The mean age of the children was 3.5±1.9 years. The clinical symptoms of the enrolled children showed that sweating was most common symptoms in all sixty children suffering from rickets. Forty-eight percent cases were under weight and stunting was presented in 73% while wasting was observed in 23% of the cases. The radiological x ray imaging showed Cupping of the bones was presented in 51% of the cases followed by wrist widening in 24%. The food frequency results also presented similar findings in which serum calcium was observed inadequate in 86.6% of cases while ALP and vitamin D3 was inadequate in 90% and 100% of cases respectively. Conclusion: Vitamin D status of Pakistan children was very alarming as 100% of the cases was vitamin D deficient. Calcium deficiency was also significantly associated with nutritional rickets. Keywords: Nutritional rickets, Vitamin D deficiency, Geological location, Bone deformities

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“…Vitamin D is a family of fat-soluble molecules that are important micronutrients for humans, and two forms (D2 and D3) play a central role in bone growth by increasing the uptake of calcium from the gut (Bentley 2013). Vitamin D is therefore especially important in growing children, and a deficiency in vitamin D can lead to rickets, which is characterized by weak and deformed bones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides this, 1,25(OH)D also suppresses an overzealous adaptive immune response to pathogens that may be difficult for macrophages to handle efficiently (Walker 2009). The levels of plasma interleukin-1ß have also been shown to be low in children with vitamin D deficiency which can predispose them to infections (Liang 2010; Bentley 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age

Yakoob

Salam

Khan

et al. 2016

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Vitamin D is a micronutrient important for bone growth and immune function. Deficiency can lead to rickets and has been linked to various infections, including respiratory infections. The evidence on the effects of supplementation on infections in children has not been assessed systematically. Objectives To evaluate the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), diarrhoea, and malaria in children under five years of age. This includes high‐, middle‐, and low‐income countries. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP; ) , ClinicalTrials.gov and the ISRCTN registry (http://www.isrctn.com/) up to 16 June 2016. Selection criteria We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated preventive supplementation of vitamin D (versus placebo or no intervention) in children under five years of age. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently screened the titles and abstracts, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias of included trials. Main results Four trials met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 3198 children under five years of age, and were conducted in Afghanistan, Spain, and the USA. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varied widely in these populations (range: 73.1% in Afghanistan, 10 to 12% in USA, and 6.2% in Spain). The included trials evaluated mortality (two trials), pneumonia incidence (two trials), diarrhoea incidence (two trials), hospitalization (two trials), and mean serum vitamin D concentrations (four trials). We do not know whether vitamin D supplementation impacts on all‐cause mortality because this outcome was underpowered due to few events (risk ratio (RR) 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54 to 3.74; one trial, 3046 participants, low quality evidence ). For pneumonia, episodes of 'radiologically confirmed' first or only episode of pneumonia were little different in the supplemented and unsupplemented group (Rate Ratio: 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89 to 1.26; two trials, 3134 participants, moderate quality evidence ), and similarly for children with confirmed or unconfirmed pneumonia (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.04; one trial, 3046 participants). In these two trials there were no obvious differences between supplemented and unsupplemented children regarding episodes of diarrhoea. In the single large trial from Afghanistan, the trial authors reported that vitamin D supplementation was associated with an increase in repeat episodes of pneumonia confirmed by chest radiograph (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.21; one t...

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Nutritional rickets in young Nigerian children in the Sahel Savanna

Cited by 15 publications

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Effects of vitamin D supplementation to children diagnosed with pneumonia in Kabul: a randomised controlled trial

Effects of vitamin D supplementation to children diagnosed with pneumonia in Kabul: a randomised controlled trial

Assessment of Nutritional Status for Identifying Nutritional Rickets in Children Less Than Five Years of Age

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age

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