Effects of vitamin D supplementation to children diagnosed with pneumonia in Kabul: a randomised controlled trial

Manaseki‐Holland, Semira; Qader, Ghulam; Masher, Mohammad Isaq; Bruce, Jane; Mughal, M Zulf; Chandramohan, Daniel; Walraven, Gijs

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02578.x

Cited by 151 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The role of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of pneumonia in children was explored in a placebo controlled trial in Kabul, Afghanistan 21. A total of 453 children aged 1 month–3 years who were diagnosed with pneumonia at an outpatient clinic were randomised to receive a single oral dose of 100 000 units of vitamin D 3 or placebo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and child health: part 2 (extraskeletal and other aspects)

2013

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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The first part of this review focused on the skeletal aspects of vitamin D. This second part reviews some of the available evidence that vitamin D may have a physiological extraskeletal role beyond its traditional effect on the skeleton. This aspect has influenced the definition of vitamin D deficiency and what level of vitamin D should be regarded as optimal. The recognition of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency has led to debate as to whether and how we should be treating asymptomatic individuals. This review discusses the potential extraskeletal effects of vitamin D, the definition of vitamin D deficiency and our thoughts on indications for measurement and treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and child health: part 2 (extraskeletal and other aspects)

2013

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…Although there are limited studies looking at the effect of vitamin D intervention in children, most publications show a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on reducing acute respiratory tract infections [151,152]. A randomized controlled trial looking at the effect of 100,000 IU of vitamin D supplementation in South Asian children with pneumonia showed a reduced number of repeat attacks in the vitamin D group (58%; RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.64-0.94; p = 0.01) [153]. However, supplementation with the same dose once every 3 months for a period of 18 months did not reduce the prevalence of pneumonia in high-risk South Asian infants [154].…”

Section: Link Between Vitamin D and Immune Function - Evidence From Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Its Effects on Glucose Homeostasis, Cardiovascular Function and Immune Function

et al. 2014

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In recent years there has been increasing interest in the non-skeletal effects of vitamin D. It has been suggested that vitamin D deficiency may influence the development of diabetes, cardiovascular dysfunction and autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the effects of vitamin D and its deficiency on cardiovascular function, glucose homeostasis and immune function, with a particular focus on children. Although, there is good evidence to show that there is an association between vitamin D deficiency and an abnormality of the above systems, there is little evidence to show that vitamin D supplementation leads to an improvement in function, especially in childhood.

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“…A randomised control trial in an area of high vitamin D deficiency in Afghanistan showed that one high dose of vitamin D 3 combined with antibiotic treatment reduced the reoccurrence of pneumonia in children aged 1 -36 months who had been hospitalised for pneumonia. [41] However, there are conflicting results from another randomised, placebo-controlled trial by the same group in the same area. Oral vitamin D 3 (100 000 IU, n=1 524) was compared with a placebo (n=1 522) and given to children aged 1 -11 months in Kabul, Afghanistan.…”

Section: Vitamin D Pneumonia and Urtismentioning

confidence: 96%

Vitamin D in respiratory diseases

Mahomed

2017

S Afr Res J

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REVIEWVitamin D has traditionally been known for its role in bone homeostasis with its effects on calcium and phosphate absorption and secretion. However, new evidence is emerging of its effects on a number of other cells, especially the immune system. This article reviews the role of vitamin D as it pertains to the respiratory tract and respiratory diseases. Respir J 2017;23 (1) Vitamin D belongs to a group of fat-soluble secosteroids and is required for intestinal absorption of calcium (Ca 2+ ) and phosphate (PO 4 3-). In humans, vitamin D is present as ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2 ) or cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ), and both forms can be ingested from the diet and/or supplements. The body can also synthesise vitamin D from cholesterol when sun exposure is adequate, hence it has been nicknamed the 'sunshine vitamin' . [1] Recently, interest has grown in the role of vitamin D in many non-skeletal medical conditions, including respiratory infection and lung function. [2] Emerging evidence indicates that vitamin D-mediated innate immunity is important in host defences against respiratory tract pathogens. [3] Observational studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of respiratory infections, incident wheezing illness in children and adults, and can cause asthma exacerbations. Vitamin D also modulates regulatory T-cell function and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production, which may increase the therapeutic response to glucocorticoids in steroid-resistant asthma. S Afr HistoryIn 1914, American researchers McCollum and Davis discovered a substance in cod liver oil which was later called 'vitamin A' . In 1922, McCollum tested modified cod liver oil in which the vitamin A had been denatured. The modified oil cured rickets in sick dogs, so McCollum concluded the factor in cod liver oil that cured rickets was distinct from vitamin A. He called it vitamin D because it was the fourth vitamin to be named. [4] In 1923, American biochemist Harry Steenbock demonstrated that the irradiation of foodstuffs, especially milk, led to a cure for rickets. In 1932, an academic collaboration between Bourdillon, Rosenheim, King and Callow led to the isolation and characterisation of vitamin D and later in the 1930s, Windaus further clarified the chemical structure of vitamin D. By 1972, Holick had discovered that vitamin D was metabolised to two active forms, i.e. calcidiol and calcitriol. [5,6] Recommended dietary allowance of vitamin DThe US Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended dietary allowance of vitamin D is 400 international units (IU) per day for children younger than 1 year of age, 600 IU per day for children at least 1 year of age and adults up to 70 years, and 800 IU per day for older adults.The US IOM concluded that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) of 20 ng/mL or more would cover the requirements of 97.5% of the population. [7] The US Endocrine Society's Clinical Practice Guidelines suggest that 400 -1 000 IU/day may be needed for children aged <1 year, 600 -1 000 IU/day for children aged ≥1 year, and 1 500 ...

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Effects of vitamin D supplementation to children diagnosed with pneumonia in Kabul: a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 151 publications

References 27 publications

Vitamin D and child health: part 2 (extraskeletal and other aspects)

Vitamin D and child health: part 2 (extraskeletal and other aspects)

Vitamin D and Its Effects on Glucose Homeostasis, Cardiovascular Function and Immune Function

Vitamin D in respiratory diseases

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