Nutritional regulation of interleukin-6 release from adipocytes

Abstract

Background and aims: As interleukin-6 (IL-6) has an important role in general metabolism with high circulating levels in obesity and other associated diseases, the factors regulating its synthesis and release have been considered possible therapeutic targets and have recently been studied. We examined the influence of three different diets, each having a different fatty acid compositionFsaturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated (coconut oil, olive oil and sunflower oil diets), on IL-6 release from rat adipocytes, and the interaction between diet and other regulatory factors of IL-6 release, such as epinephrine. Methods: A group of rats was assigned to one of the three different diets, each with a significantly different concentration of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Samples were taken from the omental adipose tissue for measurement of the triacylglycerol fatty acid composition of the tissues and for adipocyte isolation. IL-6 release from adipocytes was measured in vitro, under nonstimulated conditions and also with two concentrations of epinephrine in the medium. Results: Animals fed with the olive oil diet showed lower values of IL-6 release with and without epinephrine stimulation. IL-6 release from adipocytes varied according to the diet, but not according to epinephrine dose. However, a significant interaction was found between the epinephrine dose and the diet in IL-6 release regulation. Conclusions: IL-6 release from adipocytes was markedly regulated by the dietary fatty acid composition, even under epinephrine stimulation, with lower values of IL-6 release in the olive oil diet. The study also showed that epinephrine regulation of IL-6 release was related to the diet.

The Relationship between Dietary Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Genes on the Obese Phenotype and Serum Lipids

“…Similarly, macrophages treated with EPA or DHA showed a decrease in LPS stimulated IL-6 mRNA and IL-6 production. In agreement with these findings, rats fed a diet high in n -6 PUFA-rich sunflower oil showed moderate IL-6 release from adipocytes, which was less than when fed a SFA-rich diet, but greater than when fed a MUFA-rich diet [79]. In addition, in mice fed a low fat diet or one of two high-fat diets, consisting of either unsaturated soybean oil or saturated palmitic acid for 16 weeks, MCP-1 expression in AT tissue increased for both high-fat diets compared to the low-fat diet.…”

Relationship between the Effect of Dietary Fat on Swimming Endurance and Energy Metabolism in Aged Mice

“…Previous studies reported that the type of dietary lipid may influence plasma IL-6 levels [11,12] and IL-6 secretion from adipocytes [13]. In our study in exhausted mice, the levels were similar in the three diet groups, although sedentary mice fed safflower oil tended to have non-significant increases in plasma IL-6 levels compared with those fed lard.…”

“…Other studies suggest that dietary n–6 PUFAs (safflower oil and corn oil) may increase plasma IL-6 levels compared to dietary fish oil [11,12]. Furthermore, different types of dietary lipids have varying effects on the regulation of IL-6 secretion from adipocytes [13]. Several studies have reported that IL-6 is associated with improved endurance performance in humans [14,15,16], suggesting a possible role for IL-6 in the biochemical pathways that determine endurance.…”

Food, Biological Clocks and Health: the Deadly Triangle?

“…High content of monounsaturated fatty acids improves insulin sensitivity, provided the total amount of fat is below 38% [20]. Indeed monounsaturated fatty acids (olive oil) generate much less inflammatory factors than short chain fatty acids (coconut oil) or polyunsaturated fatty acids ( sun flower oil) [21]. High fat leads to adiposity if fat is saturated [22].…”