Nutritional Regulation and International Trade in APEC Economies: The New Chilean Food Labeling Law

Martı́nez, Servet; Lazo, Rodrigo Polanco; Espinoza, Macarena

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3362184

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…By appealing to preferences for United States and United Kingdom products especially-and suggesting a risk of losing access to these products-the Chilean trade advantage framing persuaded many committee members (who were mostly ambivalent about FOPL otherwise) that it was an unreasonable advantage. Complicating matters, this is both in line with international trade rules of non-discrimination amongst trading partners (Boza et al, 2019), and yet acts against this norm when cultural preferences come into consideration. Importantly, these same committee members were often unaware that FOPL had transferred into standard setting as a public health policy at all.…”

Section: Framing Strategy 1: Privileged Trading Partnersmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Under the Agreement on TBT, the WTO considers standards set by relevant international standards bodies as "standards," whereas those set by governments, intergovernmental organizations or the UN are considered technical regulations (Boza et al, 2019;Clapp, 1998). Therefore, any variation-in the form of legislation, policy, or rules-from international standards are considered technical regulations (Participant 1, August 23, 2019).…”

Section: Framing Strategy 2: Technical Barriers To Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many non-industry committee members also accepted this portrayal. In reality, transgressions are only confirmed through WTO challenges (Foster, 2021), and the evidence of Chilean FOPL points to a low likelihood that CARICOM FOPL would be considered a TBT (Boza et al, 2019). Certainty regarding what is or is not a TBT then, rests with legal experts and ultimately, the results of a WTO challenge.…”

Section: Framing Strategy 2: Technical Barriers To Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strategy put forward by private sector representatives that the "High-In" Warning Label is unequivocally a TBT, is therefore, in reality, more ambiguous than industry actors have portrayed, and is perhaps even unlikely given Chile's experience (Boza et al, 2019). At the same time, the framing was compelling to most members of the committees.…”

Section: Framing Strategy 2: Technical Barriers To Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standard setting is an internationally recognized process that began with and evolved around industry needs to harmonize technical expectations. Referenced in World Trade Organization articles and agreements, standards are integral to international trade law (Boza et al, 2019;Thow et al, 2019). FOPL was effectively transferred from the authority of public health experts in a "public" venue, into a venue intended for the promulgation of industry interests and trade-a "hybrid" venue (Clapp, 1998)-where the private sector has significant influence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discursive Power: Trade Over Health in CARICOM Food Labelling Policy

Hinton

2022

Front. Commun.

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Moving towards a more sustainable, healthier, and equitable food future requires a significant system transformation. Policies to achieve this transformation are notoriously difficult to achieve, especially where actors with conflicts of interest are involved in governance. In this paper, I analyze how corporate actors frame issues inside a process to develop Front-of-Pack Labelling across the Caribbean. Focusing on three major framing strategies, I show how industry actors argued 1) (falsely) that FOPL would privilege Chilean food suppliers; 2) that FOPL would constitute a major transgression of international trade law; and 3) that a regional public health organization (the Pan-American Health Organization) is an illegitimate influence on the policy. Together, these three framing strategies reconstruct the policy problem as one of trade rather than public health. I argue that the resulting narrative is both a product and a function of the discursive power food companies wield in the standard-setting process and provide empirical detail about how food companies act to prevent policy attempts facilitating food systems transformation.

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Section: Framing Strategy 1: Privileged Trading Partnersmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Framing Strategy 2: Technical Barriers To Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Framing Strategy 2: Technical Barriers To Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Framing Strategy 2: Technical Barriers To Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discursive Power: Trade Over Health in CARICOM Food Labelling Policy

Hinton

2022

Front. Commun.

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Designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers: a mixed-method study

Seyedhamzeh,

Nedjat,

Shakibazadeh

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveWe designed a new type of ‘physical activity calorie equivalent’ (PACE) food label in Iran to compare its effect with that of the traffic light food label (TLL) on caloric choices.DesignMixed-method study.ParticipantsMothers of school children between the ages of 6–12 years.SettingIn the qualitative phase, 10 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with various groups of mothers, and two FGDs were conducted with food science and nutrition experts to design a new PACE label. In the quantitative phase, 496 mothers were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) no nutrition label, (2) current TLL, (3) current TLL + educational brochure, (4) PACE label, and (5) PACE label + brochure. Samples of dairy products, beverages, cakes, and biscuits were presented. ANOVA and multiple linear regressions were applied to examine the association between label types and calories of the selected products as our main outcome.ResultsThe mothers’ perspectives were classified into two sub-themes, the PACE label’s facilitators and barriers. The new PACE label’s characteristics were divided into two subcategories: (a) appearance, and (b) nutritional information, including 14 codes. In the quantitative section, mean calories of the selected foods were lowest in the TLL + brochure group (831.77 kcal; 95% CI: 794.23–869.32), and highest in the PACE label group (971.61; 95% CI: 926.37–1016.84).ConclusionThe new PACE label was a combination of PACE, TLL, and warning labels. It did not significantly affect lower caloric choice, however, the TLL + brochure option was effective in choosing foods with fewer calories.Clinical trial registration: The study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials 23 (IRCT20181002041201N1).

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Nutritional Regulation and International Trade in APEC Economies: The New Chilean Food Labeling Law

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Discursive Power: Trade Over Health in CARICOM Food Labelling Policy

Discursive Power: Trade Over Health in CARICOM Food Labelling Policy

Designing a new physical activity calorie equivalent food label and comparing its effect on caloric choices to that of the traffic light label among mothers: a mixed-method study

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