Nutritional Recommendations for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Abstract

Lifestyle factors, including nutrition, play an important role in the etiology of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). This position paper, written by collaboration between the Israel Heart Association and the Israel Dietetic Association, summarizes the current, preferably latest, literature on the association of nutrition and CVD with emphasis on the level of evidence and practical recommendations. The nutritional information is divided into three main sections: dietary patterns, individual food items, and nutritional supplements. The dietary patterns reviewed include low carbohydrate diet, low-fat diet, Mediterranean diet, and the DASH diet. Foods reviewed in the second section include: whole grains and dietary fiber, vegetables and fruits, nuts, soy, dairy products, alcoholic drinks, coffee and caffeine, tea, chocolate, garlic, and eggs. Supplements reviewed in the third section include salt and sodium, omega-3 and fish oil, phytosterols, antioxidants, vitamin D, magnesium, homocysteine-reducing agents, and coenzyme Q10.

An Intravenous Bolus of Epa

“…probably also their quality (32,33). Many of the effects of marine Omega-3 fatty acids would require intakes above 1 g/day (30).…”

Ca2+ mishandling and cardiac dysfunction in obesity and insulin resistance: Role of oxidative stress

“…In addition, antioxidant therapies appear to be a good election, both as co-adjuvants for the improvement of the response to insulin and by scavenging excessive ROS, so that the progression of cardiac dysfunction may be retarded [106]. These therapies seem to be more useful in the early treatment of obesity and IR [107,108]. Finally, bariatric surgery is another non-pharmacological option that has great therapeutic promise since it modifies several factors associated to CVDs [109][110][111].…”

Health Attitudes and Beliefs Among Hypertensive Subjects: A Study of the Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society

“…In particular, magnesium supplementation was suggested to improve endothelial function, vitamin D intake has been associated with lower CVD incidence, in observational studies, supplementation of antioxidant agents was thought to decrease CVD incidence through minimizing inflammation, omega-3 supplements have been thought to reduce blood pressure, improve endothelial function and reduce inflammation. Despite the aforementioned reports, none of the studied supplements have achieved high recommendation level, as far as CVD are concerned [18].…”