Nutritional Manipulation of Primate Retinas, II: Effects of Age, n–3 Fatty Acids, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin on Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Leung, Ivan; Sandstrom, Marita M.; Zucker, Charles L.; Neuringer, Martha; Snodderly, D. Max

doi:10.1167/iovs.02-1233

Cited by 74 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[20][21][22][23][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Further, and notwithstanding the fact that many of these cross-sectional studies were performed in the pre-AREDS 2 era, it should be appreciated that lutein-containing supplements were commercially available since 1999, 41 and since that date their use grew substantially as a result of widespread dissemination of their putative benefits. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Meaningful comment on any such relationship should be predicated, therefore, on population-based studies where data were recorded pre-1999 and to subsequent population-based studies where the use of carotenoid-containing supplements was recorded and appropriately factored into analyses. Three [20][21][22] of four [20][21][22]35 (75%) population-based studies using data recorded pre-1999 found an inverse relationship between AMD and serum concentrations of L and/or Z, and this compares with none of one 38 (0%) population-based studies utilizing data recorded after 1999 where supplement use was recorded and factored into analyses (see Table 2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Self-Reported and Actual Prevalence of AMD in an Irish Population-Based Sample

Moran

Beatty

Stack

et al. 2017

Current Eye Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To investigate plasma lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) concentrations with grading-confirmed and self-reported prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Material and methods: Data collected from a nationally representative prospective cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and over in the Republic of Ireland. Participants underwent a computer-assisted personal interview and a center-based health assessment. Plasma concentrations of L and total Z (Z and meso-zeaxanthin [MZ]) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and retinal photographs were graded using a version of the AMD International Classification and Grading System. Consumption of supplements containing L and/or Z and/or MZ was recorded as supplement use. Four groups were identified: Group 1 (n = 24): AMD-afflicted and correctly aware; Group 2 (n = 264): AMD-afflicted but unaware; Group 3 (n = 41): AMD-free and incorrectly believed that they were afflicted with the condition; Group 4 (n = 4094): AMD-free and correctly self-reported absence of AMD. Results: Of 4,423 participants with plasma concentrations of L and Z and gradable retinal photographs, 288 (6.5%) were afflicted with AMD, and 65 (1.5%) self-reported AMD. Controlling for family history and age, the relationship between grading-confirmed AMD and plasma L was positive and significant (p < 0.001). Mean plasma concentrations of L in Group 2 (mean = 0.2162 ± 0.132 µmol) and Group 4 (mean = 0.2040 ± 0.121 µmol/L) were significantly lower than Group 1 (mean = 0.4691 ± 0.0.372 µmol/L) and Group 3 (mean = 0.3176 ± 0.0.235 µmol/L). Supplement use was reported by 41.7% and 17.1% of participants in Groups 1 and 3, respectively, but only 2.7% and 1.9% of participants in Groups 2 and 4, respectively. Conclusion: A belief that one suffers from AMD, whether justified or not, is associated with supplement use and with higher plasma concentrations of L. ARTICLE HISTORY

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Self-Reported and Actual Prevalence of AMD in an Irish Population-Based Sample

Moran

Beatty

Stack

et al. 2017

Current Eye Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Leung et al measured the RPE cell density in normal Rhesus monkeys and found that it peaks at the center of the fovea and declines gradually with increasing eccentricity. 54 They examined the effects of age on the RPE cell density in a group of Rhesus monkeys, and found an increase in the RPE cell density with age. They also examined the effects of dietary supplementation with lutein or zeaxanthin on the RPE cell density in this group of monkeys.…”

Section: The Putative Protective Effect Of Macularmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 Using the same group of xanthophyll-free animals, Leung et al investigated the effect of age and dietary manipulation on the cell density of the RPE. 54 These Rhesus monkeys were supplemented with pure lutein or zeaxanthin, but were fed a diet with either low or adequate amounts of n-3 fatty acids. After a prolonged period of such supplementation (between 6 and 24 months), a change in the peak symmetry of RPE cell density was observed.…”

Section: Effect Of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation On The Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This change in peak symmetries, after supplementation with either lutein or zeaxanthin, prompted the authors to suggest that macular xanthophylls could stimulate the movement of RPE cells away from the central retina, which is seen as an important part of shaping and maintaining the RPE. 54 This migration may arise from an altered light distribution caused by the increase in concentration of macular xanthophylls in the region, or alternatively, in response to a change in cell metabolite distribution due to xanthophyll occupation.…”

Section: Effect Of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation On The Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transport and Retinal Capture of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Reference to Age-related Macular Degeneration

Loane

Nolan

O'Donovan

et al. 2008

Survey of Ophthalmology

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population in the western world. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remain unclear. However, there is an increasing body of evidence supporting the hypothesis that the macular pigment carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, play an important role in protection against AMD, by filtering out blue light at a pre-receptoral level, or by quenching free radicals. Lutein and zeaxanthin are dietary xanthophyll carotenoids, which are delivered to the retina via plasma lipoproteins. The biological mechanisms governing retinal capture and accumulation of lutein and zeaxanthin, to the exclusion of other carotenoids, are still poorly understood. Although these mechanisms remain unclear, it is possible that selective capture of these carotenoids is related to lipoprotein, or apolipoprotein, function and profile. Xanthophyll-binding proteins appear to play an important role in the retinal capture of the xanthophyll carotenoids. The Pi isoform of GSTP1 has been isolated as a specific binding protein for zeaxanthin. The binding protein responsible for retinal uptake of lutein remains elusive. This article reviews the literature germane to the mechanisms involved in the capture, accumulation and stabilization of lutein and zeaxanthin by the retina, and the processes involved in their transport in serum. (Surv Ophthalmol 53:68--81, 2008 The central retina, known as the macula, is responsible for central and color vision because of its high concentration of cone photoreceptors. The macula is characterized by a yellow color, attributable to the presence of macular pigment. 81 Macular pigment (MP) is composed of lutein and zeaxanthin, two hydroxycarotenoids, which are entirely of dietary origin. 17 The concentration of MP peaks at the center of the macula, known as the fovea, where zeaxanthin is the dominant carotenoid. In contrast, lutein dominates in the parafoveal region. 16,82 Dietary sources 68

show abstract

“…6 MP is very likely to play an important role also in early phases of foveal development, in the enhancement of infant visual acuity, and in the protection against light-induced oxidative damage, 7 and it may be essential also for the development and/or maintenance of a normal distribution of RPE cells. 8 Furthermore, the development of AMD in the elderly is potentially linked to phototoxic light exposure and oxidative stress accumulated over the lifetime, including the childhood years, 9 in which oxidation-induced, potentially harmful, photosensitive compounds such as lipofuscin can already be generated in high concentrations. 10 Without knowledge of normal MP levels and their spatial distributions in infants and children, further progress on their potentially beneficial roles cannot proceed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflection-based imaging of macular pigment distributions in infants and children

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. We have developed a reflection-based capability of the RetCam® platform, an FDA-cleared pediatric retinal-imaging instrument, for the purpose of measuring macular pigment levels as well as their spatial distributions in infants and children. Our modifications include narrow-band blue-wavelength excitation of the macular pigment absorption in combination with spectrally selective blue-wavelength readout of the reflection signals received by the instrument's CCD detector array. Furthermore, an algorithm is developed that allows the computation of optical density maps for the macular pigment relative to peripheral retinal areas. This made it possible for the first time to directly measure macular pigment levels and their spatial features in the developing human retina. In contrast to adults, infants with measurable pigment levels had almost exclusively a narrow, circularly symmetric, pigment distribution. The described methodology holds promise for future investigations into the role of macular pigment in the developing human retina and the effect of dietary interventions in diseases resulting from a lack of normal carotenoid levels.

show abstract

Nutritional Manipulation of Primate Retinas, II: Effects of Age, n–3 Fatty Acids, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin on Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Abstract: RPE cells are sensitive to the absence of macular pigment. Supplemental xanthophylls interact with n-3 fatty acid levels to produce asymmetries in the RPE profile. Xanthophylls and n-3 fatty acids are essential for the development and/or maintenance of a normal distribution of RPE cells.

Cited by 74 publications

References 38 publications

The Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Self-Reported and Actual Prevalence of AMD in an Irish Population-Based Sample

The Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Self-Reported and Actual Prevalence of AMD in an Irish Population-Based Sample

Transport and Retinal Capture of Lutein and Zeaxanthin with Reference to Age-related Macular Degeneration

Reflection-based imaging of macular pigment distributions in infants and children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About