Reflection-based imaging of macular pigment distributions in infants and children

Sharifzadeh, Mohsen; Bernstein, Paul S.; Gellermann, Werner

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.18.11.116001

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Of these, fundus reflectometry is the only applicable method for measurements of premature infants and neonates. 7 , 8 In this study, MPOD could be measured in 39 of 40 infants. However, for images taken from PMAs of 29 to 32 weeks, sufficient contrast to measure MPOD could not be obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The measurements were performed per protocol as previously reported. 8 The pupils were dilated using Caputo drops 9 (a solution containing a mixture of 1% cyclopentolate, 0.5% tropicamide, and 5% phenylephrine at the ratio of 1:1:2). A lens having a field of view of 80° was placed on the cornea, and imaging of the macula was performed using blue light excitation (center wavelength of 484 nm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Detection of Macular Pigment Formation in Premature Infants

Sasano

Obana

Sharifzadeh

et al. 2018

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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PurposeTo demonstrate the presence of macular pigment in the retina of premature infants, and to examine its changes with age.MethodsThe participants included 40 premature infants. Infants who had received laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity were excluded. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was measured by fundus reflectometry using RetCam3, a digital fundus camera. The reflection imaging was performed for ROP screening. The imaging time points were from a post menstrual age (PMA) of 29 weeks 0 days to 46 weeks 5 days.ResultsThe MPOD levels could be obtained from 39 premature infants. The levels at the first measurement ranged from 0 to 0.18 (mean 0.076, SD 0.044). The earliest time, when a nonvanishing MPOD level was obtained, was at a PMA of 33 weeks and 2 days, and that level was 0.05. The initial examination MPOD levels showed a moderate correlation with age (R2 = 0.32, P < 0.00017). The mean MPOD levels measured each week during the follow-up period showed a very strong correlation with age (R2 = 0.91, P < 0.0001). A regression line of MPOD = 0.0069 × age − 0.1783 was derived, where age is counted in PMA days.ConclusionsThe MPOD levels of premature infants were for the first time measured in living eyes. Macular pigment increased linearly with age.Translational RelevanceMacular pigment increased with the development of macular morphology. This result suggested the importance of nutritional management of infants and mothers during perinatal period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Detection of Macular Pigment Formation in Premature Infants

Sasano

Obana

Sharifzadeh

et al. 2018

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“…Infants’ macular measurements will be performed using blue light reflectometry [ 33 , 60 ]. Under the supervision of a pediatric ophthalmologist, a certified ophthalmic photographer opens the swaddled baby’s eyes with a pediatric lid speculum.…”

Section: Data Collection and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) study—carotenoid supplementation during pregnancy: ocular and systemic effects—study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Addo

Gorusupudi

Allman

et al. 2021

Trials

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Background Lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), collectively called the macular pigment (MP), are dietary carotenoids that preferentially localize in the macula of the human eye. MP protects the macula from photo-oxidative damage and enhances visual function. Inadequate maternal intake of carotenoids, coupled with the placental transfer of maternal carotenoids to support fetal brain and retina development, potentially put mothers at risk of depletion systemically and in their ocular tissues. Presently, maternal carotenoid status throughout pregnancy remains poorly characterized, and no prospective randomized controlled trial of L and Z supplementation via prenatal vitamins has assessed maternal and infants’ systemic and ocular carotenoid status during pregnancy. We hypothesize that prenatal maternal carotenoid supplementation will counteract maternal carotenoid depletion during pregnancy and will improve biomarkers of carotenoid status of both mothers and infants. Methods Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) is a phase 2, single-center, prospective, double-masked, randomized active-controlled clinical trial conducted at the John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Participants consume a daily standard prenatal multivitamin with no added carotenoids and are randomized (1:1 allocation) to receive either a capsule containing 10 mg L and 2 mg Z in safflower oil (Carotenoid group) or a capsule containing only safflower oil with no added carotenoids (Control group) for a period of 6 to 8 months. Skin, serum, and ocular carotenoids are measured at every study visit (i.e., within the first trimester [baseline], second trimester, third trimester, and 0–2 weeks postpartum). Skin carotenoid assessment is by resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS); serum carotenoid status is quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); and MP is measured with the dual-wavelength autofluorescence. Infants’ MP and foveal anatomy are assessed using RetCam retinal camera and Bioptigen SD-OCT, respectively. The primary outcomes are changes in maternal systemic and ocular carotenoid status during pregnancy. Discussion L-ZIP is the first prospective RCT to investigate maternal carotenoid status throughout pregnancy and to determine whether prenatal maternal carotenoid supplementation will offset maternal carotenoid depletion and improve biomarkers of maternal and infant’s carotenoid status. Findings from L-ZIP will strengthen recommendations regarding prenatal carotenoid supplementation and consequently inform policy decisions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03750968. Registered on November 23, 2018

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“…These findings are suggestive of a significant and rapid contribution of lutein to retinal development. Lastly, it should be noted that lutein accumulates in the retina very early—perhaps in utero — at concentrations that are detectable with optical imaging techniques as early as 4 mo of age (22). The early and very specific accumulation in the retina further bolsters the argument for lutein as a key component of retinal development.…”

Section: Effects Of Lutein On Ocular Health and Visual Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Lutein across the Lifespan: From Childhood Cognitive Performance to the Aging Eye and Brain

Stringham¹,

Johnson

Hammond

2019

Current Developments in Nutrition

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Lutein is a non-provitamin A dietary carotenoid found in dark green leafy vegetables, corn, eggs, and avocados. Among the carotenoids, lutein and its isomer, zeaxanthin, are the only 2 that cross the blood–retina barrier to form macular pigment in the retina. Lutein also preferentially accumulates in the human brain across multiple life stages. A variety of scientific evidence supports a role for lutein in visual as well as cognitive function across the lifespan. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest science on lutein's role in the eye and the brain across different ages.

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Reflection-based imaging of macular pigment distributions in infants and children

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Optical Detection of Macular Pigment Formation in Premature Infants

Optical Detection of Macular Pigment Formation in Premature Infants

The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) study—carotenoid supplementation during pregnancy: ocular and systemic effects—study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Lutein across the Lifespan: From Childhood Cognitive Performance to the Aging Eye and Brain

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