Nutritional influences of pellagra on sebum composition

Abstract

Sebum composition has been measured in 51 patients with varying degrees of pellagra and compared with a control group of subjects in the same geographic area. In the pellagra group the wax ester percentage was 14-9 versus the normal of 21-9%. The squalene percentage was increased in the pellagra group (11-6%) versus a control value of 8-4%. A small increase in the percentage of cholesterol was also noted. These changes, which previously have been observed in starved but otherwise normal subjects, were reversible with adequate refeeding.

Wipe-test and patch-test for alcohol misuse based on the concentration ratio of fatty acid ethyl esters and squalene CFAEE/CSQ in skin surface lipids

“…Another reason of the missing correlation may be the differences in the squalene content of sebum which vary up to a factor 2, according to literature data. However, the differences between the concentration ranges described in literature (8.9 AE 2.9% for 26 healthy volunteers [31], 19.9 AE 6.6% for 20 adults [32], 9-13% for 100 healthy volunteers [33], 13.0-17.5% for 16 acne patients [34], 10-15% for acne patients [35], 11% for pooled human sebum [36] or 21-30% in freshly isolated sebum glands [37]) should be caused by methodical differences in sampling and analysis rather than by real differences in squalene concentrations between the studied groups. Finally, due to the transition time of about 1 week between sebum production and appearance on the skin surface, the FAEE should be detected with a delay of several days after drinking and only temporarily on the skin surface.…”

“…After 9 days (S08) and 6 days (S12) relatively high values were found with irregularities for 5-8 days. Finally m FAEE /m SQ [31]. For chronic excessive alcohol consumption a cut-off ¼ 1.5 ng/mg is proposed.…”

“…Since the amount of lipids obtained in this way may strongly differ from case to case, squalene was used as a natural reference substance to which the FAEE concentrations were related. Squalene is particularly suitable for this purpose because of its chemical and biochemical stability and since its concentration in sebum measured under the same conditions varies only within an acceptable range [31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

DieTalgdrüse als Transporter für Vitamin E

“…B. Ketoconazol, Itraconazol und Terbinafin, konnten hohe Wirkspiegel im Sebum nachgewiesen werden [15]. Dagegen liegen bis heute nur wenige Studien vor, die sich mit dem Einfluss von einzelnen Nahrungskomponenten auf die Sebumzusammensetzung oder -produktion beschäftigen [7,25].…”

Squalene in hair—a natural reference substance for the improved interpretation of fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations with respect to alcohol misuse

“…From these constituents squalene (SQ, structure in Fig. 1) was chosen as a suitable natural reference substance for relative FSEE concentrations because of its chemical and biochemical stability and since its concentration in sebum measured under the same conditions varies within an acceptable range [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. The differences between the concentration ranges described in literature (8.9 AE 2.9% for 26 healthy volunteers [21], 19.9 AE 6.6% for 20 adults [22], 9-13% for 100 healthy volunteers [23], 13.0-17.5 for 16 acne patients [24], 10-15% for acne patients [25], 11% for pooled human sebum [26] or 21-30% in freshly isolated sebum glands [27]) should be caused by methodical differences in sampling and analysis rather than by real differences in squalene concentrations between the studied groups.…”