Nutritional importance and industrial uses of pomegranate peel: A critical review

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), commonly known as a seeded or granular apple, is a delectable fruit eaten worldwide. Pomegranate is one of the healthiest fruits, with a high concentration of phenolic compounds. Large quantities of byproducts, such as seeds and peels, are produced during the pomegranate juice extraction process, which causes disposal problems and environmental contamination. Pomegranate peel (PoP), which accounts for around 30%–40% of the fruit component, is a byproduct of the fruit juice manufacturing industry. PoP is a rich source of polyphenols including phenolic acids, tannins, and flavonoids, especially anthocyanin. These peels offer several functional and nutraceutical qualities owing to their bioactive ingredients, including lowering blood pressure, reducing oxidative stress, lowering cholesterol levels, and restoring heart health. PoPs have a variety of biological effects, including the ability to resist pathogenic microbes effectively, and used as an additive in various food applications. The current review focuses on the PoP's nutritional and practical attributes, as well as their functions as food additives and functional food preparations.

Multifunctional Pomegranate Peel Microparticles with Health-Promoting Effects for the Sustainable Development of Novel Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals

“…The PDI values represent the indicator of the size distribution width; that calculation is based on the following Equation ( 5). The surface-weighted mean (D [3,2]), the volumeweighted mean (D [4,3]), and the uniformity of microparticles were also determined.…”

“…Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L., Punicaceae) is the edible fruit of a small leafy tree or shrub native to Southwest Asia and extensively cultivated in the Mediterranean, South Africa, and the United States [ 3 ]. The production and consumption of pomegranate keeps increasing owing to the fruit’s taste and nutrition, which is commonly consumed fresh or processed into juice.…”

“…Particle size (µm), polydispersity index (PDI), surface-weighted mean (D[3,2]), volumeweighted mean (D[4,3]), and uniformity of the obtained spray-dried powders of pomegranate peel (PP) extract.…”

Phytochemical profile, nutritional composition of pomegranate peel and peel extract as a potential source of nutraceutical: A comprehensive review

“…Total phenolic content (18.75 mg/g) was determined by the Folin Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) method (Ranjitha et al., 2018 ). Pomegranate peel is high in crude fiber, which has numerous health benefits and phenolic content due to which it has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antilipidemic, and antidiabetic properties (Ain et al., 2023 ; Ranjitha et al., 2018 ) (Table 1 ).…”

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities of Pomegranate Juice Concentrate

“…PJC is a rich source of bioactive compounds and nutrients that have been shown to provide potential health benefits [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The regular consumption of pomegranate juice or PJC has been linked to a reduction in blood pressure, improved blood lipid levels, and reduced oxidative stress [ 18 , 19 ].…”