Nutritional implications of cephalic phase thermogenic responses

LeBlanc, J.

doi:10.1006/appe.1999.0283

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Briefly, atropine (betaadrenergic blocker) inhibited postprandial thermogenesis during the cephalic (58%) as well as the digestive phase (36%). Moreover, propranorol (parasympathetic nerve blocker) plus atropine abolished thermogenesis completely during the digestive phase, suggesting both branches of the ANS exert a control on the TEM that occurs during the cephalic and digestive phases (20,21). In the present study, a tendency toward greater overall ANS and higher parasympathetic nervous system activity was observed during the postprandial period after the solid meal, consistent with previous observations (21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, propranorol (parasympathetic nerve blocker) plus atropine abolished thermogenesis completely during the digestive phase, suggesting both branches of the ANS exert a control on the TEM that occurs during the cephalic and digestive phases (20,21). In the present study, a tendency toward greater overall ANS and higher parasympathetic nervous system activity was observed during the postprandial period after the solid meal, consistent with previous observations (21). We also observed that all autonomic parameters decreased after consumption of the meal compared to before the meal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thorough Mastication Prior to Swallowing Increases Postprandial Satiety and the Thermic Effect of a Meal in Young Women

Komai

Motokubota

Suzuki

et al. 2016

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryThere is evidence to support that mastication may contribute to the prevention of weight gain via reduction of appetite sensations and subsequent energy intake. However, the metabolic effect of mastication after consumption of a daily meal, composed of the staple food (rice), soup, main and side dishes, is limited. Therefore, the effect of thorough mastication on greater satiety and the thermic effect of a meal (TEM) was investigated in young women. In study 1, energy expenditure (EE) derived from masticatory muscle activity for 20 min was measured while chewing hard, tasteless, non-caloric gum in seven subjects. In study 2, ten subjects consumed a solid meal performing 30 chews per mouthful (30 CPM), or swallowed the same, pureed meal without chewing (0 CPM) on two separate days, and postprandial EE, substrate oxidation, subjective appetite ratings and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity for 3 h were examined. Both test meals were iso-caloric (2,510 kJ) and -weighted (884 g), and consumed in 20 min. From study 1, the EE of mastication itself for the 20 min was estimated to be 3.760.8 kJ. From study 2, significantly higher TEM (134.2615.5 vs. 67.8613.8 kJ/3 h, p,0.001) as well as satiety (p50.005), and tendency toward greater fat oxidation (p50.090) and ANS activity (p50.069) were observed after consumption of the meal with 30 CPM compared to 0 CPM. In conclusion, thorough mastication before swallowing increased postprandial satiety and the TEM in young women, suggesting such eating behavior may be useful for preventing obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thorough Mastication Prior to Swallowing Increases Postprandial Satiety and the Thermic Effect of a Meal in Young Women

Komai

Motokubota

Suzuki

et al. 2016

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Studies done in mice and rats did show a daily rhythm similar to the one that we show, with peak levels at the end of the dark period (24,27). Although a daily glucagon rhythm was found in two other rat studies, here peak concentrations were measured in the light period and a nadir in the dark period (7,39). We cannot explain these discrepancies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Furthermore, in the first few minutes after the start of feeding, glucagon (and insulin) is released, which is called cephalic-phase release (38,39). This type of glucagon (and insulin) release does not persist Ͼ10 min, whereas peaks in our animals persisted 30 or even 90 min after the start of the meals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Daily Rhythm in Plasma Glucagon Concentrations in the Rat Is Modulated by the Biological Clock and by Feeding Behavior

Ruiter

Fleur²,

Heijningen³

et al. 2003

Diabetes

152

102

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Plasma glucose concentrations display a daily rhythm generated by the hypothalamic biological clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). How the SCN orchestrates this rhythm is unknown. Because glucagon stimulates hepatic glucose production, we hypothesized that if glucagon has a daily rhythm, then it may be responsible for the glucose rhythm. From hourly blood samples, we determined daily glucagon concentrations for intact and SCN-lesioned rats. Intact ad libitum-fed rats showed a clear daily glucagon rhythm, and fasting resulted in an even more pronounced rhythm. It is interesting that a decrease in glucagon concentrations, instead of the expected increase, occurred already shortly after food removal. Toward the start of the active period, a peak in glucagon levels occurred, with concentrations similar to those measured in ad libitumfed rats. SCN lesions abolished rhythmicity in plasma glucagon profiles. Scheduled-fed rats showed meal-induced glucagon peaks but also a daily rhythm in basal premeal glucagon concentrations. Plasma glucose concentrations of ad libitum-and scheduled-fed rats, however, were similar. In conclusion, feeding and the biological clock control 24-h plasma glucagon concentrations. In fed rats, glucagon is not responsible for the daily glucose rhythm. During fasting, however, glucagon may contribute to energy mobilization when the activity period starts. Diabetes 52: 1709 -1715, 2003 M ammals adapt their activity pattern to the daily changes in light intensity. This activity rhythm dictates the need for energy at a specific time of day. This includes glucose in particular, because under normal conditions, it is the only fuel that can be metabolized by the brain (1). Circadian rhythms have been shown in mammals (2,3), including humans (4,5). Rat plasma glucose concentrations display a daily rhythm, with peak values at the beginning of the activity period. Studies involving scheduled feeding and thermic lesions of the biological clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), have shown that this rhythm is feeding independent and generated by the SCN (6,7), yet it is not clear by which mechanism the SCN creates this glucose rhythm. Studies investigating the role of insulin have shown that insulin concentrations have a daily rhythm but not independent of food intake (6) and therefore cannot be responsible for the glucose rhythm. Corticosterone stimulates gluconeogenesis (8) and also displays a clear daily rhythm (9 -12), with peak values occurring just before the onset of the activity period. Despite the hyperglycemic effect of corticosterone and the coincidence of its peak release with the peak in plasma glucose concentrations, blocking corticosterone synthesis does not affect the morning rise of glucose concentrations seen in humans (13) and thus cannot be the main cause of the rhythm in glucose concentrations. Growth hormone, too, is able to stimulate glucose release (8) but in the rat displays an ultradian rhythm rather than a circadian rhythm, which makes it unlikely to...

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“…The paradigm for measuring preparation to eat is measured in hungry subjects who are either exposed to the sight, smell and taste of foods or are asked to taste, chew and expectorate a meal (modified 'sham-feed'). In preparation for consuming and digesting this food, salivation (Mattes, 2000), increased heart rate (Nederkoorn et al 2000), secretion of hormones including insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (Teff, 2000) and thermogenesis (LeBlanc, 2000) are observed. Cephalic phase salivation has been linked to hunger state (Wooley & Wooley, 1981) and has been used as an index of palatability, with higher salivary responses reflecting greater hunger and palatability respectively.…”

Section: Readiness To Eatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiological-psychological dichotomy in the study of food intake

Hetherington

2002

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Professor Marion M. Hetherington, fax +44 151 794 2945, email m.m.hetherington@liverpool.ac.uk Human food intake is driven by necessity. We eat to live, but as Brillat-Savarin and others have noted throughout history, in affluent societies eating is a pleasure and becomes more than a means to an end.Eating signifies lifestyle choice and it has considerable meaning in our society beyond the acquisition of essential energy and nutrients. Thus, it is that the study of human food intake, particularly food choice, in contrast to food intake in other animals, tends to be skewed towards measures of behavioural, social and environmental influences rather than on precise physiological processes reflecting metabolism and nutrient partitioning. The dichotomy between physiological and psychological measures is a false one, since all behaviours are necessarily expressed through physiological systems. However, in the field of human food intake research the dichotomy refers to the divergent strands of interest in either psychological or physiological processes underlying intake and appetite. The present review considers both psychological and physiological measures in promoting our understanding of the human appetite system. The overall conclusion is that the burgeoning interest in identifying appetite suppressant drugs to combat obesity and in genotyping alongside behavioural phenotyping will close the gap between psychological and physiological perspectives on human food intake.Appetite: Food preference: Pleasure: Meal size: Methodology

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Nutritional implications of cephalic phase thermogenic responses

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Thorough Mastication Prior to Swallowing Increases Postprandial Satiety and the Thermic Effect of a Meal in Young Women

Thorough Mastication Prior to Swallowing Increases Postprandial Satiety and the Thermic Effect of a Meal in Young Women

The Daily Rhythm in Plasma Glucagon Concentrations in the Rat Is Modulated by the Biological Clock and by Feeding Behavior

The physiological-psychological dichotomy in the study of food intake

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