Nutritional impacts on fish mucosa: immunostimulants, pre- and probiotics

The effects of galactooligosaccharide on systemic and mucosal immune response, growth performance and appetite related gene transcript in goldfish (Carassius auratus gibelio)

“…Furthermore, supplementation of rainbow trout [9], red drum [12,16] and white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) diet with 1 or 2% GOS remarkably increased systemic immune responses. The improved immune response has been attributed to fermentation of GOS by beneficial microbial communities in intestinal microbiota and subsequent production of short chain fatty acids [6,7,29]. Even so remained to be proven in fish, studies on mice revealed that SCFAs can modulated immune response through binding to G M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 11 protein coupled receptor, GPR43, which is expressed mainly on innate immune response and inflammatory cells [34].…”

“…In this regard, extensive researches was performed on different types of immune stimulant as well as functional food ingredients (e.g prebiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics) [4][5][6]29]. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate the effects of GOS on performance, mucosal and systemic immune response as well as appetite gene expression.…”

Comparative study on immunomodulatory and growth enhancing effects of three prebiotics (galactooligosaccharide, fructooligosaccharide and inulin) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Nutritional modulation of mucosal immune response through administration of dietary pre‐ or probiotics received increasing attention in recent years (Lazado & Caipang ; Caipang & Lazado ; Merrifield & Rodiles ). There are limited published study regarding the effects of prebiotics on skin‐associated lymphoid tissues (SALT) and cutaneous mucus immune response (Rodrigues‐Estrada, Satoh, Haga, Fushimi & Sweetman ; Torrecillas, Makol, Caballero, Montero, Ginés, Sweetman & Izquierdo, ; Sheikhzadeh, Heidarieh, Karimi Pashaki, Nofouzi, Ahrab Farshbafi & Akbari ; Hoseinifar, Khalili, Khoshbavar Rostami & Esteban ; Hoseinifar, Sharifian, Vesaghi, Khalili & Esteban ; Hoseinifar, Mirvaghefi, Amoozegar, Sharifian & Esteban, ; Torrecillas, Montero, Caballero, Robaina, Zamorano, Sweetman & Izquierdo ; Adorian, Goulart, Mombach, de Menezes Lovatto, Dalcin, Molinari, Lazzari & da Silva ; Azimirad, Meshkini, Ahmadifard & Hoseinifar ; Carbone & Faggio ; Safari, Hoseinifar, Nejadmoghadam & Jafar ).…”

“…It has been suggested that fermentation of prebiotics by beneficial component of intestinal microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids (typically, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) which contribute to host immune modulation (Scheppach 1994;Cummings & Macfarlane 2002;Caipang & Lazado 2015;Merrifield & Rodiles 2015). Moreover, Maslowski & Mackay (2010) stated that butyrate is the main energy source for colonic epithelial cells and thus associated with maintenance of the epithelium and stimulation of the immune system.…”

Effects of dietary prebiotic GroBiotic®-A on growth performance, plasma thyroid hormones and mucosal immunity of great sturgeon,Huso huso(Linnaeus, 1758)

“…The increasing resistance to antibiotics, medication, and other side effects from drugs associated with the overdependence of the aquaculture industry on synthetic antimicrobials to combat diseases necessitates the search for alternative strategies to improve health and minimize dependence on these drugs (Lazado & Caipang, ; Nayak, ). In recent years, significant attention has been paid towards dietary supplements such as probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in order to improve growth performance as well as the health and welfare status of farmed aquatic animals (Caipang & Lazado, ; Cerezuela, Meseguer, & Esteban, ; Yousefian et al., ).…”