Nutritional factors affecting the fatty acid composition of bovine milk

Mansbridge, R J; Blake, Jonathan S.

doi:10.1079/bjn19970133

Cited by 125 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Lactose serves as the primary determinant of milk osmotic potential and hence of milk yield (Mansbridge and Blake, 1997). Given the lack of significant treatment effects upon milk lactose production between treatments, it is therefore not surprising that milk yields were similarly unaffected by diet within the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

Capper

Wilkinson

Mackenzie

et al. 2007

Animal

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Supplementation of pregnant ewes with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) demonstrably improves indicators of neonatal lamb vigour, potentially improving the number of lambs reared per ewe. The present study investigated the effect of supplementing ewes with fish oil and vitamin E (a-tocopherol acetate) throughout both pregnancy and lactation on the performance of lactating ewes and sucking lambs. Forty-eight ewes were supplemented with one of four concentrates containing either Megalac or fish oil plus a basal (50 mg/kg) or supranutritional (500 mg/kg) concentration of vitamin E from 6 weeks pre-partum until 4 weeks post partum in a two-by-two factorial randomised-block design. All concentrates were formulated to contain approximately 60 g/kg supplemental fatty acids. Ewes were housed, penned on sawdust and offered straw ad libitum. Blood samples were taken from ewes and lambs at intervals throughout the experiment and milk samples were obtained at 21 days into lactation. There was no notable effect of dietary vitamin E concentration upon ewe or lamb performance. Ewe dry-matter (DM) intake and yield were unaffected by dietary treatment, although ewes fed fish oil lost less weight during lactation (21.88 kg compared with 23.97 kg for Megalac-supplemented ewes; P , 0.01). Milk fat concentrations (67.3 g/kg compared with 91.8 g/kg; P , 0.01) and yields (6.65 g/h v. 9.26 g/h; P , 0.01) were reduced in ewes fed fish oil and these decreases were associated with lower litter-growth rates (0.49 g/day compared with 0.54 g/day; P , 0.05). Milk protein yield was increased by fish oil supplementation (3.82 g/h) compared with Megalac supplementation (3.28 g/h; P , 0.05); moreover, there was an interaction between fat source and vitamin E concentration in that both protein concentration and yield were significantly lower in milk from ewes fed treatment with Megalac 1 basal vitamin E (MB) compared with the other three treatments. Fish oil supplementation increased the concentrations of C 18:1 trans-, cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C 20:5 (n-3) and C 22:6 (n-3) within ewe plasma, milk and lamb plasma. The mechanisms by which fish oil supplementation affects milk composition warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

Capper

Wilkinson

Mackenzie

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…Milk C4:0 can result from different sources, such as the acetyl-coenzyme-A carboxylase pathways and the malonyl-coenzyme-A carboxylase pathways, but about 50 % of C4:0 in milk may result from acetate and β-hydroxybutyrate by de novo synthesis in the mammary gland (Jensen 2002;Palmquist et al 1993). These precursors arise from the microbial fermentation of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and readily degradable carbohydrates in the rumen (Mansbridge and Bòake 1997). Fresh herbage contains a higher amount of readily degradable carbohydrates in comparison to hay, especially when grazed at early phenological stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The management of the transition from hay- to pasture-based diets affects milk fatty acid kinetics

Coppa

Gorlier

Lonati

et al. 2012

Dairy Sci. & Technol.

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Abstract. As fatty acids (FA) may become included among the quality parameters setting milk prices, their variation during diet changes needs to be investigated. The aim of this work was to study the kinetics of milk FA during rapid or progressive transition from hay-to pasture-based diets. Two farms in the southwestern Alps were selected. The milk of five Valdostana Red Pie cows from each farm was analysed on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 (at day 1, pasture was introduced into the diet), and thereafter twice a week. Changes in the milk FA became significant after days 3 or 5. The FA from C4:0 to C18:0, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3 and C20:0 became stable after day 5 for both transition types. The cis9-C18:1, trans10 + trans11-C18:1 and cis9trans11-con-jugated linoleic acid (CLA) became stable 3, 16 and 16 days after the maximum pasture intake, respectively. The C4:0 peaked at 3 days after pasture introduction or increase in the diet, probably reflecting high butyrate production in the rumen due to the high carbohydrate concentration in fresh herbage. The kinetics of all FAs fitted a log-normal cumulate distribution (except for C4:0), but model coefficients did not differ between the rapid and the progressive transition. After diet transition, only cis9-C18, cis9trans11-CLA, C18:3n-3, the mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated FA, and the sum of CLA isomers increased faster in the rapid transition than in the progressive transition diet (higher a coefficients), because of the higher initial pasture intake. Knowledge of the kinetics of milk FA when pasture is introduced into the diet could help farmers to improve milk nutritional quality.

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“…As genetic selection has increased milk volume, milk fat concentrations have remained at around 3.5%-4.0%, so the modern dairy cow must mobilise more tissue to meet this extra volume demand. The composition of milk fat is complex, containing over 500 different fatty acids, approximately 75% of which are saturated, 21% are monounsaturated and 4% are polyunsaturated (Mansbridge and Blake 1997). Most of the C4:0 to C14:0 are synthesised de novo from glycerol and free fatty acids whereas approximately 50% of C16:0 and the majority of longer-chain fatty acids are derived from the circulation from digestion or lipolysis from fat stores (Grummer 1991).…”

Section: Milk Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow

Wathes

Clempson

Pollott

2013

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. Dairy cows mobilise body tissues to support milk production and, because glucose supplies are limited, lipids are used preferentially for energy production. Lipogenic activity is switched off and lipolytic mechanisms in adipose tissue increase through changes in the expression of several key enzymes. This results in a loss of body condition, together with high circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids. Changes in the synthesis, secretion and signalling pathways of somatotrophic hormones (insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1) and adipokines (e.g. leptin) are central to the regulation of these processes. A high reliance on fatty acids as an energy source in the peripartum period causes oxidative damage to mitochondria in metabolically active tissues, including the liver and reproductive tract. The expression of genes involved in insulin resistance (PDK4, AHSG) is increased, together with expression of TIEG1, a transcription factor that can induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Polymorphisms in TFAM and UCP2, two autosomal mitochondrial genes, have been associated with longevity in dairy cows. Polymorphisms in many other genes that affect lipid metabolism also show some associations with fertility traits. These include DGAT1, SCD1, DECR1, CRH, CBFA2T1, GH, LEP and NPY. Excess lipid accumulation in oocytes and the regenerating endometrium reduces fertility via reductions in embryo survival and increased inflammatory changes, respectively.

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Nutritional factors affecting the fatty acid composition of bovine milk

Cited by 125 publications

References 24 publications

The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

The effect of fish oil supplementation of pregnant and lactating ewes on milk production and lamb performance

The management of the transition from hay- to pasture-based diets affects milk fatty acid kinetics

Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow

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