Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Dairy Goats

Simões, João; Gutiérrez, Carlos

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71855-2_11

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The decrease in the synthesis of methionine can impede the synthesis of choline and, consequently, the transport of hepatic lipids towards the extrahepatic tissues and, finally, can induce hepatic lipidosis, due to a diffuse accumulation of lipids in the hepatocytes [ 3 , 93 , 94 , 95 ].…”

Section: Cobalt Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Vitamin B12 and Cobalt Metabolism in Domestic Ruminant: An Update

González-Montaña

Escalera-Valente

Alonso

et al. 2020

Animals

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Cobalt, as a trace element, is essential for rumen microorganisms for the formation of vitamin B12. In the metabolism of mammals, vitamin B12 is an essential part of two enzymatic systems involved in multiple metabolic reactions, such as in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, some amino acids and DNA. Adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin are coenzymes of methylmalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) mutase and methionine synthetase and are essential for obtaining energy through ruminal metabolism. Signs of cobalt deficiency range from hyporexia, reduced growth and weight loss to liver steatosis, anemia, impaired immune function, impaired reproductive function and even death. Cobalt status in ruminant animals can be assessed by direct measurement of blood or tissue concentrations of cobalt or vitamin B12, as well as the level of methylmalonic acid, homocysteine or transcobalamin in blood; methylmalonic acid in urine; some variables hematological; food consumption or growth of animals. In general, it is assumed that the requirement for cobalt (Co) is expressed around 0.11 ppm (mg/kg) in the dry matter (DM) diet; current recommendations seem to advise increasing Co supplementation and placing it around 0.20 mg Co/kg DM. Although there is no unanimous criterion about milk production, fattening or reproductive rates in response to increased supplementation with Co, in some investigations, when the total Co of the diet was approximately 1 to 1.3 ppm (mg/kg), maximum responses were observed in the milk production.

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Section: Cobalt Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Vitamin B12 and Cobalt Metabolism in Domestic Ruminant: An Update

González-Montaña

Escalera-Valente

Alonso

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…The prevalence of specific casein variants in different goat breeds is probably the result of breeding goals but could be also due to random fixation. Currently, there are several kits on the market for testing milk protein variants in goats ( Simões and Gutiérrez, 2018 ). Genotyping CSN1S1 is of particular interest for breeders and the milk industry since genetic variation in the CSN1S1 gene is one of the primary factors affecting milk protein content and technological properties, such as cheese yield and cheese curd formation.…”

Section: Csn3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Genetic and protein variants of milk caseins in goats

2022

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The milk casein genes in goats, are highly polymorphic genes with numerous synonymous and non-synonymous mutations. So far, 20 protein variants have been reported in goats for alpha-S1-casein, eight for beta-casein, 14 for alpha-S2-casein, and 24 for kappa-casein. This review provides a comprehensive overview on identified milk casein protein variants in goat and non-coding DNA sequence variants with some affecting the expression of the casein genes. The high frequency of some casein protein variants in different goat breeds and geographical regions might reflect specific breeding goals with respect to milk processing characteristics, properties for human nutrition and health, or adaptation to the environment. Because protein names, alongside the discovery of protein variants, go through a historical process, we linked old protein names with new ones that reveal more genetic variability. The haplotypes across the cluster of the four genetically linked casein genes are recommended as a valuable genetic tool for discrimination between breeds, managing genetic diversity within and between goat populations, and breeding strategies. The enormous variation in the casein proteins and genes is crucial for producing milk and dairy products with different properties for human health and nutrition, and for genetic improvement depending on local breeding goals.

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“…Then, 96 Guanzhong dairy goats were enrolled and chosen from 2305 Guanzhong dairy goats according to body condition score (BCS) (2.75 ± 0.15, mean ± SEM), parity (primiparous), expected kidding date (within the first week of February), and no medical history. The second step was to select these experimental goats by the litter size of singleton and allocate them to one of the following two groups according to their plasma BHBA concentrations: SCHK (n = 10; BHBA = 0.8-1.7 mmol/L) or HEAL (n = 10; BHBA < 0.8 mmol/L) [6,17,18]. The goats were reared in a free-stall barn from 3 weeks prior to the anticipated time of kidding until 3 weeks after kidding.…”

Section: Animals Location and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dairy goats, hyperketonemia is also known as lactation ketosis or pregnancy toxemia, which usually happens in early postpartum or late pregnancy [5]. Subclinical hyperketonemia (SCHK) usually has no typical symptoms compared with clinical forms, but this metabolic disorder makes dairy goats more susceptible to other production diseases, such as mastitis and hypocalcemia [6]. Furthermore, SCHK is more common than clinical forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surrogate Indexes of Insulin Resistance in Dairy Goats: Transitional Variation in Subclinical Hyperketonemia

Liu

Kong

Wen

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Background: Dairy goats are highly susceptible to subclinical hyperketonemia (SCHK) during the transition period. This study aimed to compare the variation in metabolic parameters and surrogate indexes of insulin resistance (sIR) between goats with SCHK and clinically healthy (HEAL) goats during the transition period. Methods: Twenty Guanzhong dairy goats were assorted to HEAL (n = 10) and SCHK (n = 10) groups according to the blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations. The blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of each goat at −3, −2, −1, 0 (partum), +1, +2, and +3 weeks relative to kidding to analyses GLU and INS. The sIR was calculated from blood metabolic parameters. Results: Compared with the HEAL goats, the insulin concentrations were significantly higher in SCHK goats during the first three weeks postpartum. The QUICKI, revised QUICKI (RQUICKI), and RQUICKIBHBA were significantly lower in goats with SCHK at 1 week postpartum, while the homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) was significantly higher. Conclusion: Goats with SCHK made more efforts through elevated insulin levels at early lactation than HEAL goats, thereby maintaining the normal glucose concentrations.

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Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Dairy Goats

Cited by 8 publications

References 94 publications

Relationship between Vitamin B12 and Cobalt Metabolism in Domestic Ruminant: An Update

Relationship between Vitamin B12 and Cobalt Metabolism in Domestic Ruminant: An Update

Review: Genetic and protein variants of milk caseins in goats

Surrogate Indexes of Insulin Resistance in Dairy Goats: Transitional Variation in Subclinical Hyperketonemia

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