Nutritional and functional values of lysed Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass for intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs

Abstract

The objective was to determine the nutritional and functional values of lysed Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass (CGCM) as a protein supplement and a source of cell wall fragments supporting the growth and intestinal health of nursery pigs. Thirty-two pigs (21 d of age) were allotted to four treatments (n = 8) based on the randomized block design with sex and initial body weight (BW) as blocks. The main effect was the dietary supplementation of lysed CGCM (0, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1%) replacing blood plasma and fed in two phases (10 and 11 d, respectively). Feed intake and BW were measured at the end of each phase. Pigs were euthanized on day 21 to collect jejunal tissue and mucosa to evaluate intestinal health. Ileal digesta were collected to measure the apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients in diets. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed and Reg of SAS. Increasing daily intake of CGCM increased (linear; P < 0.05) ADG of pigs. Increasing CGCM supplementation affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae (minimum: 26.4% at 1.2% CGCM), Helicobacteraceae (maximum: 29.3% at 1.2% CGCM), and Campylobacteraceae (maximum: 9.0% at 1.0% CGCM). Increasing CGCM supplementation affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) the concentrations of immunoglobulin G (maximum: 4.94 µg/mg of protein at 1.0% CGCM) and protein carbonyl (PC; maximum: 6.12 nmol/mg of protein at 1.1% CGCM), whereas linearly decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) in the proximal jejunal mucosa. Increasing CGCM supplemention affected (quadratic; P < 0.05) intestinal enterocyte proliferation rate (maximum: 13.3% at 1.0% CGCM), whereas it did not affect intestinal morphology and the nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, supplementing 1.0% to 1.2%, reducing blood plasma supplementation by 0.7% to 0.9%, respectively, increased potential pathogenic microbiota associated in the jejunal mucosa resulting in increased immune response, enterocyte proliferation, and PC concentration. However, supplementing diets with 2.1% CGCM, replacing 1.5% blood plasma, improved growth performance, and reduced MDA without affecting nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and microbiota in the jejunal mucosa. In this study, based on the polynomial contrast, supplementing 1.0% to 1.2% CGCM suppressed the benefits from blood plasma, whereas supplementing 2.1% CGCM showed functional benefits of CGCM with similar effects from blood plasma supplementation.

Significance of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota and Its Impacts on Intestinal Health of Pigs Challenged with F18+ E. coli

“…The mucosa-associated microbiota provides the first line of defense preventing the growth of opportunistic pathogens [ 12 , 13 ]. The commensal Helicobacteraceae , Campylobacteraceae , Pseudomonadaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , and Clostridiaceae are considered opportunistic pathogens that potentially stimulate the immune system conferring a protecting role on the intestinal barrier [ 1 , 2 , 41 ]. However, in events such as weaning stress, the balance of mucosa-associated microbiota can be disrupted increasing the susceptibility to overgrowth of these pathogens resulting in enteric diseases [ 2 ].…”

“…The reduced mucus layer and the increased oxidative stress can lead to enterocyte apoptosis reducing the villus height [ 48 , 49 ]. Proteobacteria species have been previously associated with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and damaged villi [ 1 , 18 , 50 ]. In this study Campylobacter lanienae and Helicobacter rappini were positively correlated with TNF-α, protein carbonyl, and crypt depth, whereas they were negatively correlated with the VH:CD.…”

“…The concentrations of total protein, TNF-α, and protein carbonyl were measured by colorimetric methods using commercial kits as previously described by Cheng et al [ 1 ]. The absorbance was measured using a plate reader (Synergy HT, BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA) and the software (Gen5 Data Analysis Software, BioTek Instruments).…”

“…Prior to the analysis, the samples were diluted with PBS to reach the concentration of protein at 10 µg/mL. The working range was 0.0 to 7.5 nmol/mg of protein, and the absorbance was measured at 450 nm as previously described by Cheng et al [ 1 ].…”

“…The microbiota plays important roles on the maturation of the intestine and immune system and consequently affects the health of the host [ 1 , 2 ]. The physicochemical properties and the direct interaction with intestinal cells lead to a distinguishable composition of the microbiota along the gastrointestinal tract [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”