Nutritional and Dietary Interrelationships with Diseases of Grazing Beef Cattle

Wikse, Steven E.; Craig, Thomas M.; Hutcheson, D. P.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30815-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The reason for the caudal-dorsal predilection is uncertain. 18 A variety of infectious and toxic agents may induce IP in cattle consistent with the lesions described in the present study, including BRSV, 9,28 larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparous 4 or Ascaris suum, 18 L-tryptophan from lush pasture grasses, 13,23,37 4-ipomeanol from moldy sweet potatoes, 17,29,32 perilla ketone from purple mint, 27 and undefined toxins in Brassica spp. 39 Milk allergy in dairy cattle has also been associated with IP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Atypical interstitial pneumonia (AIP) was coined when it was recognized that bovine IP could have an acute, exudative phase as well as a subacute to chronic proliferative phase. 2,16 Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema (ABPEE), 5,7,13,23,31,37 fog fever, 6 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and AIP have been applied to the IP that results from excessive conversion of L-tryptophan to 3-methylindole (3-MI) by ruminal microbes when cattle on a poor plane of nutrition are abruptly given access to lush forage. 5,7,13,23,37 Conversion of circulating 3-MI to a pneumotoxic metabolite (3-methyleneindolenine) by cytochrome P450 enzymes in Clara cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells results in necrosis of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium and subsequent IP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,16 Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema (ABPEE), 5,7,13,23,31,37 fog fever, 6 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and AIP have been applied to the IP that results from excessive conversion of L-tryptophan to 3-methylindole (3-MI) by ruminal microbes when cattle on a poor plane of nutrition are abruptly given access to lush forage. 5,7,13,23,37 Conversion of circulating 3-MI to a pneumotoxic metabolite (3-methyleneindolenine) by cytochrome P450 enzymes in Clara cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells results in necrosis of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium and subsequent IP. 3,18,21 This fairly predictable syndrome usually affects multiple animals and will be referred to as pasture-associated IP in this report, to distinguish it from feedlot IP, which occurs unpredictably, sporadically, is usually not associated with dietary change, and is of unknown causation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interstitial Pneumonia in Feedlot Cattle: Concurrent Lesions and Lack of Immunohistochemical Evidence for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

2000

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The objectives of this study were to describe the nature and distribution of microscopic lung lesions in feedlot cattle with interstitial pneumonia and to determine whether bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) antigen was present in affected lungs. Lungs with macroscopic lesions compatible with interstitial pneumonia were collected from cattle from 5 west-central Saskatchewan feedlots that had been on feed for greater than 60 days at the time of death. Interstitial pneumonia was most consistently present in dorsal portions of caudal lung lobes and in 21/28 cases (75%) had a multifocal to coalescing distribution. All 28 lungs exhibited hyaline membrane formation and some degree of type II alveolar epithelial cell hyperplasia, consistent with an acute to subacute duration. Twenty-one of 28 cases (75%) had concurrent bronchopneumonia in at least 1 lung lobe; bronchopneumonia was grossly evident in 9/28 cases (32%). Chronic bronchitis or bronchiolitis was present in at least 1 section in 12/28 (43%) of the lungs, and 25/28 (89%) had at least 1 focus of bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans. Bronchopneumonia and bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans were markedly less common in 10 sets of bovine lungs obtained from an abattoir. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigen was demonstrated using immunohistochemistry in 2/28 cases and was associated with bronchiolar epithelial necrosis that was more severe than the bronchiolar lesions in the BRSV antigen-negative cases. Interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle in this study was more frequently associated with suppurative bronchopneumonia and bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans than with BRSV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Interstitial Pneumonia in Feedlot Cattle: Concurrent Lesions and Lack of Immunohistochemical Evidence for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

2000

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“…However, in most instances the negative effects of processing on the digestibility of these feeds is offset by an increase in DMI (Galyean and Owens, 1991). In contrast, overprocessing of readily fermentable feeds such as barley and fresh legume forage dramatically increases the rate of microbial fermentation (Orskov, 1979;Robles et al, 1980) and often results in digestive disturbances such as lactic acidosis and bloat (Johnson, 1991; Wikse, 1991). Consequently, fermentable feeds should be mechanically processed only to the extent that primary barriers to microbial attachment and penetration are disrupted.…”

Section: Role Of Mastication and Feed Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial attachment and feed digestion in the rumen

McAllister¹,

Bae²,

Jones

et al. 1994

Journal of Animal Science

493

373

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Direct microscopic examination of the rumen and its contents shows microbial populations largely attached to feed particles in the digesta. Most feeds contain a surface layer that is resistant to attachment and therefore to digestion. Infiltration of these recalcitrant epidermal layers through damage sites or through focused enzymatic attack is essential for initiation of the digestive process. Proliferation of primary colonizing cells produces glycocalyx-enclosed microcolonies. Secondary colonizers from the ruminal fluid associate with microcolonies, resulting in the formation of multispecies microbial biofilms. These metabolically related organisms associate with their preferred substrates and produce the myriad of enzymes necessary for the digestion of chemically and structurally complex plant tissues. Upon accessing the internal, enzyme-susceptible tissues, microbial "digestive consortia" attach to a variety of nutrients, including protein, cellulose, and starch and digest insoluble feed materials from the inside out. Substances that prevent microbial attachment or promote detachment (e.g., condensed tannins, methylcellulose) can completely inhibit cellulose digestion. As the microbial consortium matures and adapts to a particular type of feed, it becomes inherently stable and its participant microorganisms are notoriously difficult to manipulate due to the impenetrable nature of biofilms. Properties of feed that place constraints on microbial attachment and biofilm formation can have a profound effect on both the rate and extent of feed digestion in the rumen. Developments in feed processing (i.e., chemical and physical), plant breeding, and genetic engineering (both of ruminal microorganisms and plants) that overcome these constraints through the promotion of microbial attachment and biofilm formation could substantially benefit ruminant production.

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“…There are few reports in the literature on hypersensitivity in cattle. Fog fever and allergic pneumonia have been described (Wilkse and others 1991), and allergic reactions to milk have been researched in adult cattle and calves (Fledderus and others 1992). It has also been reported that the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytical virus infections in both calves and children have an allergic component (van der Poel and others 1996).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic contact dermatitis of bovine teat skin caused by milking machine cluster rubber

et al. 2004

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The increased prevalence of injury at combination fences may be due to some horses hitting a subsequent element of the fence during the fall. The increased prevalence of injury observed when horses fell in water may have been caused by the gravel footing frequently used to provide a secure landing in water, as opposed to the grass or sand that surrounds fences on land. The range of severity of injuries sustained with a fall is great, with 1.5 per cent of fallers suffering fatal injuries and 80 per cent requiring no convalescent time. In agreement with the findings of Dyson (1996), cuts were found to be the most common injury sustained by horses that fell. In this study, injuries were sustained by 32 per cent of horses that fell, with 68 per cent of these reported as having cuts and bruising as the most serious injury. Univariable analysis showed falls at combination fences and water fences to be associated with an increased risk of injury to the horse. Factors that were not significant to the prevalence of injury associated with a fall included the level of event and the type and construction of the fence.

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Nutritional and Dietary Interrelationships with Diseases of Grazing Beef Cattle

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Interstitial Pneumonia in Feedlot Cattle: Concurrent Lesions and Lack of Immunohistochemical Evidence for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Interstitial Pneumonia in Feedlot Cattle: Concurrent Lesions and Lack of Immunohistochemical Evidence for Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Microbial attachment and feed digestion in the rumen

Allergic contact dermatitis of bovine teat skin caused by milking machine cluster rubber

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