Nutrition of the Laboratory Mouse

Ritskes‐Hoitinga, Merel; Tobin, Graham A.; Jensen, Tanja Lyholm; Mikkelsen, Lars Friis

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382008-2.00024-6

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 94 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although overnight fasts are commonly used clinically, this induces a state of starvation in mice and, therefore, should be avoided 16–18 . It is important to note, however, that induction of a catabolic state (e.g., hypoglycaemia) may be important when testing the effects of prolonged fasting on metabolic responses and counter‐regulatory mechanisms 16,19–21 . Therefore, longer fasts may be used in some studies but only if scientifically justified.…”

Section: End Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of experimental protocols

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mice are used extensively in preclinical diabetes research to model various aspects of blood glucose homeostasis. Careful experimental design is vital for maximising welfare and improving reproducibility of data. Alongside decisions regarding physiological characteristics of the animal cohort (e.g., sex, strain and age), experimental protocols must also be carefully considered. This includes choosing relevant end points of interest and understanding what information they can provide and what their limitations are. Details of experimental protocols must, therefore, be carefully planned during the experimental design stage, especially considering the impact of researcher interventions on preclinical end points. Indeed, in line with the 3Rs of animal research, experiments should be refined where possible to maximise welfare. The role of welfare may be particularly pertinent in preclinical diabetes research as blood glucose concentrations are directly altered by physiological stress responses. Despite the potential impact of variations in experimental protocols, there is distinct lack of standardisation and consistency throughout the literature with regards to several experimental procedures including fasting, cage changing and glucose tolerance test protocol. This review firstly highlights practical considerations with regard to the choice of end points in preclinical diabetes research and the potential for novel technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring and glucose clamping techniques to improve data resolution. The potential influence of differing experimental protocols and in vivo procedures on both welfare and experimental outcomes is then discussed with focus on standardisation, consistency and full disclosure of methods.

show abstract

Section: End Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of experimental protocols

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The phenotype of the homozygous mice includes obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. These mice are polyphagic, polydipsic, and polyuric [23]. An impaired cell-related immune response is also seen [24].…”

Section: Leptin -The Main Functionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Furthermore, there is also increased efficiency of energy utilization with the rate of lipogenesis in the liver and the adipose tissue is more than doubled. Hyperglycemia and markedly elevated plasma insulin concentration are associated with an increase in the number and size of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans [23]. Moreover, the secretion of glucagon is also enhanced.…”

Section: Leptin -The Main Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of leptin in selected skin diseases

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leptin is an adipokine, adipocyte-derived compound, which acts both as a hormone and cytokine. It is mainly synthesized by adipocytes of white adipose tissue. Leptin possesses pleiotropic functions including, among others, stimulation of angiogenesis and production of proinflammatory cytokines. The various types of leptin activity are related to the wide distribution of leptin receptors. This adipokine acts by activating intracellular signaling cascades such as JAKs (Janus kinases), STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription), and others. In a course of obesity, an increased serum level of leptin coexists with tissue receptor resistance. It has been reported that enhanced leptin levels, leptin receptor impairment, and dysfunction of leptin signaling can influence skin and hair. The previous studies revealed the role of leptin in wound healing, hair cycle, and pathogenesis of skin diseases like psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, and skin cancers. However, the exact mechanism of leptin’s impact on the skin is still under investigation. Herein, we present the current knowledge concerning the role of leptin in psoriasis and selected skin diseases.

show abstract

“…Moreover, there is a great danger that mice, when housed in standard laboratory under ad libitum feeding conditions having continuous access to food but virtually no environmental stimulation become overfed and sedentary and are potentially not suitable as proper controls in animal experiments [127]. Similarly, unwanted contaminants such as pesticides, mycotoxins, heavy metals, nitrosamines, nitrates, nitrites, phytoestrogens with estrogenic activity, and polychlorinated biphenyls in dietary products may affect the outcome of animal studies when present at a sufficient high concentration [128]. Maximum allowable concentrations of these undesirable substances in mouse diets are also specified by the guidelines provided by organizations such as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the British Association for Research Quality Assurance (BARQA), or the Society of Laboratory Animal Science, GV-SOLAS [128].…”

Section: Representative Examples Of Diet-induced Obesity and Fatty LImentioning

confidence: 99%

All You Can Feed: Some Comments on Production of Mouse Diets Used in Biomedical Research with Special Emphasis on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The laboratory mouse is the most common used mammalian research model in biomedical research. Usually these animals are maintained in germ-free, gnotobiotic, or specific-pathogen-free facilities. In these facilities, skilled staff takes care of the animals and scientists usually don’t pay much attention about the formulation and quality of diets the animals receive during normal breeding and keeping. However, mice have specific nutritional requirements that must be met to guarantee their potential to grow, reproduce and to respond to pathogens or diverse environmental stress situations evoked by handling and experimental interventions. Nowadays, mouse diets for research purposes are commercially manufactured in an industrial process, in which the safety of food products is addressed through the analysis and control of all biological and chemical materials used for the different diet formulations. Similar to human food, mouse diets must be prepared under good sanitary conditions and truthfully labeled to provide information of all ingredients. This is mandatory to guarantee reproducibility of animal studies. In this review, we summarize some information on mice research diets and general aspects of mouse nutrition including nutrient requirements of mice, leading manufacturers of diets, origin of nutrient compounds, and processing of feedstuffs for mice including dietary coloring, autoclaving and irradiation. Furthermore, we provide some critical views on the potential pitfalls that might result from faulty comparisons of grain-based diets with purified diets in the research data production resulting from confounding nutritional factors.

show abstract

Nutrition of the Laboratory Mouse

Cited by 12 publications

References 94 publications

The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of experimental protocols

The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of experimental protocols

The role of leptin in selected skin diseases

All You Can Feed: Some Comments on Production of Mouse Diets Used in Biomedical Research with Special Emphasis on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About