Nutrition, longevity and disease: From molecular mechanisms to interventions

Longo, Valter D.; Anderson, Rozalyn M.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.002

Cited by 174 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The modulation of antioxidants may have a double-edged impact on the different pathophysiological conditions ( Figure 2 ): antioxidant supplementation is utilised to prevent the onset of many age-related diseases even though in most cases it does not appear effective and sometimes can produce harmful effects [ 293 ]. Notably, caloric restriction and intermitting fasting by increasing the threshold of stress adaptive resistance has been proposed as alternative strategy able to preserve the human body from diseases and to increase the life expectancy [ 306 , 307 ]; antioxidant depletion can be employed in association with therapy in order to fight infections [ 308 ] or especially cancer [ 309 , 310 ]. In fact, as herein reported, several studies demonstrate that more malignant tumour cells display high levels of endogenous antioxidants [ 211 , 212 ] and become resistant to oxidative stress generated by long term-treatment with anticancer drugs [ 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 218 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…antioxidant supplementation is utilised to prevent the onset of many age-related diseases even though in most cases it does not appear effective and sometimes can produce harmful effects [ 293 ]. Notably, caloric restriction and intermitting fasting by increasing the threshold of stress adaptive resistance has been proposed as alternative strategy able to preserve the human body from diseases and to increase the life expectancy [ 306 , 307 ];…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation

et al. 2022

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Alterations of redox homeostasis leads to a condition of resilience known as hormesis that is due to the activation of redox-sensitive pathways stimulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Instead, supraphysiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds antioxidant defence and leads to oxidative distress. This condition induces damage to biomolecules and is responsible or co-responsible for the onset of several chronic pathologies. Thus, a dietary antioxidant supplementation has been proposed in order to prevent aging, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases as well as carcinogenesis. However, this approach has failed to demonstrate efficacy, often leading to harmful side effects, in particular in patients affected by cancer. In this latter case, an approach based on endogenous antioxidant depletion, leading to ROS overproduction, has shown an interesting potential for enhancing susceptibility of patients to anticancer therapies. Therefore, a deep investigation of molecular pathways involved in redox balance is crucial in order to identify new molecular targets useful for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches. The review herein provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of ROS and focuses the attention on positive and negative aspects of antioxidant modulation with the intent to find new insights for a successful clinical application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation

et al. 2022

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“…Higher frailty levels and increased anxiety were detected in experimental models of late-onset CR [ 68 , 69 , 70 ] and similarly could happen in older people who are often at risk of undernutrition and sarcopenia, rather than of obesity, and in those who already have an appropriate diet and a normal weight. Instead of a simple decrease in calorie intake, a specific longevity diet that encompasses a broader range of nutritional aspects was proposed as a multi-pillar approach adjusted for the age and health status of the subject (reviewed in [ 2 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientific studies for increasing human lifespan have been present since the early XIX century [ 1 ]. Caloric restriction (CR), restricted nutrition without malnutrition, was undoubtedly proven to extend lifespan in short-lived species (reviewed in [ 2 ]), but it is still debatable whether it has the same effect on human lifespan. One approach to assessing the effect of CR on human lifespan is to analyze life expectancy in regions where certain forms of CR are practiced as a daily habit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Less We Eat, the Longer We Live: Can Caloric Restriction Help Us Become Centenarians?

Dakić

Jevdjović

Vujović

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Striving for longevity is neither a recent human desire nor a novel scientific field. The first article on this topic was published in 1838, when the average human life expectancy was approximately 40 years. Although nowadays people on average live almost as twice as long, we still (and perhaps more than ever) look for new ways to extend our lifespan. During this seemingly endless journey of discovering efficient methods to prolong life, humans were enthusiastic regarding several approaches, one of which is caloric restriction (CR). Where does CR, initially considered universally beneficial for extending both lifespan and health span, stand today? Does a lifelong decrease in food consumption represent one of the secrets of centenarians’ long and healthy life? Do we still believe that if we eat less, we will live longer? This review aims to summarize the current literature on CR as a potential life-prolonging intervention in humans and discusses metabolic pathways that underlie this effect.

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“…Studies involving a wide range of species have illuminated CR as one of the feasible strategies to promote longevity in animals. 1 Animals subjected to CR were demonstrated with ameliorated aging-associated hallmarks, improved metabolism, and better immune functions. Although restricting daily energy intake is the primary goal, classical CR protocols inevitably increase fasting periods and limit food-accessible time.…”

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confidence: 99%