Nutrition in calcium nephrolithiasis

Dogliotti, Elena; Vezzoli, Giuseppe; Nouvenne, Antonio; Meschi, Tiziana; Terranegra, Annalisa; Mingione, Alessandra; Brasacchio, Caterina; Raspini, Benedetta; Cusi, Daniele; Soldati, Laura

doi:10.1186/1479-5876-11-109

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Some other studies have also observed that the excretion of calcium is increased with high consumption of cooking salt. [ 22 23 ] An increase of about 6 g (100 mmol) of NaCl produces an increase of calciuria of 40 mg (1 mmol) in normal adults and 80 mg (2 mmol) in hypercalciuric patients leading to formation of kidney stones. These findings corroborate those obtained from the present study on the respective determinants (calcium and sodium intake vis-à -vis renal stone formation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case–control study on environmental and biological risk factors for renal calculi persisting in a coastal Union Territory, India

Mathiyalagen

Neelakantan²,

Balusamy

et al. 2017

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background and Objectives:Renal stone disease is a common disorder of the urinary tract and also a significant problem because of incidence, recurrence, and severe consequences. The complex pathogenetic mechanisms of renal stone formation involve both biologic and environmental risk factors. The present study was performed to identify the role of these parameters among renal stone patients and normal individuals from a coastal union territory region in South India.Methods:The authors conducted a case–control study of renal stone disease among outpatient department patients more than 30 years of age using systematic random sampling procedure with 100 study participants (50 subjects for each group). A questionnaire to explore some relevant history as well as to note general examination findings was used along with a house visit to collect a sample of water. Analysis was undertaken using appropriate statistical techniques.Results:The study showed statistically significant association for renal stones with female sex, illiteracy, body mass index (BMI) (>25 kg/m2), sodium (>50 mg/L), water consumption (<1.5 L/day), water source being borewell, consuming soft drink, sedentary work, and family history of renal stones. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were significantly higher for consuming soft drink (OR: 8.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.99–33.69), sedentary work (10.01; 1.27–78.91), and water consumption < 1.5 L/day (7.73; 2.24–26.69).Interpretation and Conclusions:We conclude that in this part of India, female gender, illiteracy, high BMI, high sodium in drinking water, inadequate water consumption, borewell drinking water, soft-drink consumption, sedentary work, and family history of renal stones can lead to a significant increase in the risk of renal stone disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of lifestyle patterns by various studies in affluent countries such as the United States and Northern European countries has shown that how the increased prevalence of stones occurred simultaneously with the increased sedentary lifestyle. [ 23 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case–control study on environmental and biological risk factors for renal calculi persisting in a coastal Union Territory, India

Mathiyalagen

Neelakantan²,

Balusamy

et al. 2017

J Family Med Prim Care

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“…This nutrient, in fact, promotes the proliferation of lymphocytes, with a consequent increase in the generation of antibodies [ 79 , 85 , 92 ]. It is well known that infections increase oxidative stress and usually activate phagocytes that release ROS, so vitamin C is a well-known antioxidant that can counteract these effects by increasing phagocytosis and ROS generation and improving microbial killing [ 92 – 94 ]. Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin C appears to be able to prevent and treat respiratory and systemic infections [ 92 ].…”

Section: Immunonutrition: the Role Of Specific Nutrients And Microbiomentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient?

et al. 2020

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On December 12, 2019 a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, triggering a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). Today, the scientific community is investing all the resources available to find any therapy and prevention strategies to defeat COVID-19. In this context, immunonutrition can play a pivotal role in improving immune responses against viral infections. Immunonutrition has been based on the concept that malnutrition impairs immune function. Therefore, immunonutrition involves feeding enriched with various pharmaconutrients (Omega 3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin C, Arginine, Glutamine, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamin, E and Vitamin D) to modulate inflammatory responses, acquired immune response and to improve patient outcomes. In literature, significant evidences indicate that obesity, a malnutrition state, negatively impacts on immune system functionality and on host defense, impairing protection from infections. Immunonutrients can promote patient recovery by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating immune function. Immune system dysfunction is considered to increase the risk of viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, and was observed in different pathological situations. Obese patients develop severe COVID-19 sequelae, due to the high concentrations of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 produced in the meantime by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and by innate immunity. Moreover, leptin, released by adipose tissue, helps to increase inflammatory milieu with a dysregulation of the immune response. Additionally, gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the maturation, development and functions of both innate and adaptive immune system, as well as contributing to develop obese phenotype. The gut microbiota has been shown to affect lung health through a vital crosstalk between gut microbiota and lungs, called the “gut-lung axis”. This axis communicates through a bi-directional pathway in which endotoxins, or microbial metabolites, may affect the lung through the blood and when inflammation occurs in the lung, this in turn can affect the gut microbiota. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota in obese COVID-19 patients can play a key role in immunonutrition therapeutic strategy. This umbrella review seeks to answer the question of whether a nutritional approach can be used to enhance the immune system’s response to obesity in obese patients affected by COVID-19.

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“…Despite the occurrence of abnormal urinary bladder contents and their importance for animal health and performance, many aspects of the epidemiology and pathogenesis in pigs have not yet been fully investigated. Dietary and environmental factors play an important role in the development of uroliths, since diet influences the urine composition and pH (Dogliotti et al, ; Grases, Costa‐Bauza, & Prieto, ; Kienzle, ; Parivar, Low, & Stoller, ). Sufficient water supply and consumption will also decrease the concentration of urinary solutes and increase their solubility (Moe, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and chemical composition of uroliths in fattening pigs in Belgium

Vrielinck

Sarrazin

Schoos

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The present study investigated the prevalence of uroliths in fattening pigs and assessed the composition of these urinary tract concrements. In total, 2,432 urinary bladders were sampled in the slaughterhouse and checked for abnormal content. Urinary samples were analysed microscopically, and samples of the urinary bladder wall were tested for histological signs of inflammation. The composition of the concrements was examined by infrared spectrophotometry. Macroscopic and microscopic abnormalities were detected in 8.4% and 52.8% of the samples respectively. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), calcium carbonate (calcite), calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and amorphous crystals were detected. Analysis of stones showed COD in all samples in different proportions. The calcium content of examined stones was always considerable (up to 34%), in contrast to the magnesium content which represented max 1.9%. Struvite was found in one third of the samples, but was never part of stones and grit. COD crystals were the second most common microscopic crystal. These COD crystals and some COD stones had a rectangular shape, and therefore, they can be harmful to the bladder mucosa. In conclusion, uroliths are present in a large proportion of male fattening pigs, and consequently, urinary concrements pose a life‐threatening risk for urethra obstruction in male pigs. Further research is warranted to identify potential risk factors for urolithiasis and microscopic crystals.

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Nutrition in calcium nephrolithiasis

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

A case–control study on environmental and biological risk factors for renal calculi persisting in a coastal Union Territory, India

A case–control study on environmental and biological risk factors for renal calculi persisting in a coastal Union Territory, India

COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient?

Prevalence and chemical composition of uroliths in fattening pigs in Belgium

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