Nutrition, frailty, and Alzheimer's disease

Nutritional supplementation for Alzheimerʼs disease?

“…PSEN-1, the gene that codes for presenilin, is particularly susceptible to overexpression following hypomethylation, which sets of a cascade leading to beta-secretase and gamma-secretase overactivation and generation of increased Abeta. Although continued folate supplementation can compensate for this polymorphism [72], and perinatal provision of diets rich in folate is common [66], nutrition characteristically declines with age, and even more so for individuals with Alzheimer's disease, resulting in deficiency in folate as well as other vitamins and essential nutrients [74]. Notably, the influence of epigenetics on genetic expression is not exclusively unidirectional; key mutations and polymorphisms in methyltransferase and genes encoding the enzymes of one-carbon metabolism also influence epigenetics [67].…”

Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with physical frailty in patients with Alzheimer's disease

“…Frailty increases the risks of adverse health outcomes, including falls, disability, hospitalization, institutionalization and even death . A number of cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies suggest that frailty appears to be strongly associated with cognitive decline and dementia, whereas cognitive impairment might also increase the risk of developing frailty . In the Rush Memory and Aging Project, Bushman et al .…”

“…There have been several studies regarding the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, nutrition, obesity, coagulation and insulin resistance in the development of frailty. Most of them are population‐based studies in community‐dwelling older participants including those with no or mild cognitive impairment, but not including participants with AD.…”

Frailty, Cognitive Decline, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Nutrition Interventions

“…In contrast, other definitions promote a multidimensional approach of frailty based on an evaluation according to “frailty indexes”, which are calculated considering the accumulation of possible deficits, such as the presence of diseases, abnormal laboratory values, signs and symptoms, or disabilities [8,9].…”